How to Work With Arrays Declaring and Initializing

If a program needs to work with a number of values of the same data type, you could declare a variable for each number. For example, a program that displays lottery numbers: int lotteryNumber1 16; int lotteryNumber2 32; int lotteryNumber3 12; int lotteryNumber4 23; int lotteryNumber5 33; int lotteryNumber6 20; A more elegant way of dealing with values which can be grouped together is to use an array. An array is a container that holds a fixed number of values of a data type. In the above example, the lottery numbers could be grouped together in an int array: int[] lotteryNumbers {16,32,12,23,33,20}; Think of an array as a row of boxes. The number of boxes in the array cannot change. Each box can hold a value as long as it is of the same data type as the values contained within the other boxes. You can look inside a box to see what value it contains or replace the contents of the box with another value. When talking about arrays, the boxes are called elements. Declaring and Initializing an Array The declaration statement for an array is similar to the one used to declare any other variable. It contains the data type followed by the name of the array - the only difference is the inclusion of square brackets next to the data type: int[] intArray; float[] floatArray; char[] charArray; The declaration statements above tell the compiler thatintArrayvariable is an array of ints, floatArrayis an array of floatsand charArrayis an array of chars. Like any variable, they cannot be used until it has been initialized by assigning it a value. For an array the assignment of a value to an array must define the size of an array: intArray new int[10]; The number inside the brackets defines how many elements the array holds. The above assignment statement creates an int array with ten elements. Of course, theres no reason why the declaration and assignment cant happen in one statement: float[] floatArray new float[10]; Arrays are not limited to primitive data types. Arrays of objects can be created: String[] names new String[5]; Using an Array Once an array has been initialized the elements can have values assigned to them by using the arrays index. The index defines the position of each element in the array. The first element is at 0, the second element at 1 and so on. Its important to note that the index of the first element is 0. Its easy to think that because an array has ten elements that the index is from 1 to 10 instead of from 0 to 9. For example, if we go back to the lottery numbers example we can create an array containing 6 elements and assign the lottery numbers to the elements: int[] lotteryNumbers new int[6]; lotteryNumbers[0] 16; lotteryNumbers[1] 32; lotteryNumbers[2] 12; lotteryNumbers[3] 23; lotteryNumbers[4] 33; lotteryNumbers[5] 20; There is a shortcut to filling elements in an array by putting the values for the elements in the declaration statement: int[] lotteryNumbers {16,32,12,23,33,20}; String[] names {John, James, Julian, Jack, Jonathon}; The values for each element is placed inside a pair of curly brackets. The order of the values determines which element is assigned the value starting with index position 0. The number of elements in the array is determined by the number of values inside the curly brackets. To get the value of an element its index is used: System.out.println(The value of the first element is lotteryNumbers[0]); To find out how many elements an array has use the length field: System.out.println(The lotteryNumbers array has lotteryNumbers.length elements); Note: A common mistake when using the length method is to forget is to use the length value as an index position. This will always result in an error as the index positions of an array are 0 to length - 1. Multidimensional Arrays The arrays we have been looking at so far are known as one-dimensional (or single dimensional) arrays. This means they only have one row of elements. However, arrays can have more than one dimension. A multidimensional is actually an array that contains arrays: int[][] lotteryNumbers {{16,32,12,23,33,20},{34,40,3,11,33,24}}; The index for a multidimensional array consists of two numbers: System.out.println(The value of element 1,4 is lotteryNumbers[1][4]); Although the length of the arrays contained within a multidimensional array do not have to be the same length: String[][] names new String[5][7]; Copying an Array To copy an array the easiest way is to use thearraycopymethod of the System class. The arraycopymethod can be used to copy all the elements of an array or a subsection of them. There are five parameters passed to the arraycopymethod - the original array, the index position to start copying​ an  element from, the new array, the index position to start inserting from, the number of elements to copy: public static void arraycopy(Object src, int srcPos, Object dest, int destPos, int length) For example, to create a new array containing the last four elements of anint array: int[] lotteryNumbers {16,32,12,23,33,20}; int[] newArrayNumbers new int[4]; System.arraycopy(lotteryNumbers, 2, newArrayNumbers, 0, 4); As arrays are a fixed length thearraycopymethod can be a useful way to change the size of an array. To further your knowledge about arrays you can learn about manipulating arrays using the Arrays class and making dynamic arrays (i.e., arrays when the number of elements is not a fixed number) using the ArrayList class.

Essay on The Temple of Athena Nike - 993 Words

The Temple of Athena Nike exemplifies the early Greek belief that the gods, specifically Athena, held divine providence over government and victory in war. It was built as part of the same project as the Parthenon, one of the greatest achievements of Mycenaean Greece. Lasting from 1300-1000 B.C.E, Mycenaean Greece bordered Epirus, Macedonia, Phrace, Phryapa, Mysia, Caria, and Lydia. Encompassing this time span, Ancient Greece lasted from 8000 to 50 B.C.E. The achievements of Athens in this time include the Pythagorean Theorem and the Socratic dialogues. The epic Trojan War was said to have occurred in Mycenaean times as well. So were the Ionic Greeks who built this ancient temple. (Ancient-Greece.org)(about ancient history.com) In the†¦show more content†¦His statue adorns Kolokotroni Square. In front of Old Parliament, this equestrian statues location symbolizes his celebration atop a hill. Another similarity of these two structures is their open air feel, which reflects th e motives of Ancient Greek democracy, as is shown in its open meetings where freedom of speech was upheld. Such are the Temple of Athena Nikes connections with government and warfare. (Calvin, Calvin.edu)(Watterson, 25) The Temple of Athena Nike was built where it is for various strategic and religious reasons. Pericles rebuilt it as part of an effort to increase morale and renew culture during wartime. It was built over a previous temple to Athena, which was used for similar things. Utilized continuously by Bronze Age Greeks, the temple also served as a military base. References to Nike, the goddess of victory, also strengthened the luck associated with this structure and, therefore, its appeal as a fort. It also was arranged to face an altar to the east. Furthermore, the location affected the use of stone, as the natural shapes and quality of local marble inspired the Doric and Ionic orders. Thus, the Ancient Greeks had reasons for placing the Temple of Athena Nike where it still stands today. (Ancient-Greece.org)(Reidel, Brown.edu) How and by whom was the Temple of Athena NikeShow MoreRelatedAthens, The Polis And The High Classical Period877 Words   |  4 Pa gesimportant building in the city and it self replaced on older temple of Athena, which called Pre-Parthenon. It was built and completed in 438 B.C buy Iktinos and Kallikrates, after that destroyed by Persian in 480 B.C. The Temple all made form marble and its 20 miles far from Athens. Later it burned with fire and turned it into a church in the 6th century. 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These range from bases and columnsRead MoreAncient Greece : The Greatest Civilization Of The Ancient World Essay1231 Words   |  5 PagesPersians, the Acropolis was the ideal site to reconstruct the most important buildings for the Greeks, the temples. â€Å" In Fact, where the Akropolis temples were being rebuilt, some of the marble column drums spoiled in the fire were used in rebuilding the parapet walls; symbols of the victory of the Greeks and perpetual visual evidence of their military spiritual superiority.† Although the Greek temples were for public function, entering the buildings was reserved for selected individuals and priests.Read MoreAthenian Acropolis Paper1340 Words   |  6 Pagesarchitect Mnesikles. At the front right side of the Propylaia, there is an Ionic building named the Temple of the Athena Nike designed by Kallikrates. A great statue of Athena created by Phidias, was originally stood in the cen ter. To the right of where this sculpture was, there is the Parthenon. The architects that carried out this building were Iktinos and Kallikrates. The Parthenon is a Doric temple, which was designed with slight corrections in order to counteract the optical effects of perspective;Read MoreComparing Ancient Greek and Ancient Roman Architecture Essay1132 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Corinthian columns more than the Greeks did and they were the one that came up with them. Each order could be found in many different parts of ancient Greece. The columns were put into use by creating ancient temples. Since Greek life was mainly focused around religion, their temples were very big and beautiful (â€Å"Ancient Greece† 1). The Doric order were rather sturdy and the top of the column was very plain. The Doric order was mainly seen in the mainland of Greece and in colonies in SouthernRead MoreThe Position Of Greece At The Crossroads Between Africa, Asia, And Europe Essay2390 Words   |  10 Pagesof Greek religions or cults in the plural, though most of them shared similarities.Many of the ancient Greek people recognized the major (Olympian) gods and goddesses (Zeus, Poseidon, Hades, Apollo, Artemis, Aphrodite, Ares, Dionysus, Hephaestus, Athena, Hermes, Demeter, Hestia, and Hera), although philosophies such as Stoicism and some forms of Platonism used language that seems to posit a transcendent single deity. Different cities often worshiped the same deities, sometimes with epithets thatRead MoreAthenas Impact on the Lives of Ancient Greeks Essay1027 Words   |  5 PagesAthena was the Greek Goddess of many ideas, but she was famous mostly for her superior wisdom, her cunning skills in times of war, and her implausible talent for household tasks, such as weaving and pottery. She was celebrated more than any other God in ancient mythology, was the supposed inventor of countless innovations, and her figure gave reason for Greek woman to gain rights long before others of their time. The goddess of war, the guardian of Athens, and the defender of Heroes; Athena’s impactRead MoreAthens : City Of Athens945 Words   |  4 PagesAthens, is the most important site in the city of Athens. They call it â€Å"Sacred Rock† because there are many Greek gods’ temples. A lot of city-states in Greece had acropolises but the most famous one is in Athens. It is home to one of the most famous buildings in the world, the Parthenon. It also had other temples and sanctuaries. Its focus was for the Athenian festival for Athena, which was the Panathenaia. There were three different building stylizations in Greece. However, the buildings on the acropolis

Report On Strategic Framework of Restaurants-Samples for Student

Question: Critically analyze two (2) strategic frameworks full service restaurant managers and owners can apply and assess the potential challenges in operationalzing their strategy. Answer: Introduction The report is based on the analysis of two strategic frameworks that can be used the owners and the managers of the restaurants to increase their business and profitability. The strategic frameworks that are present for the purpose of implementation in any kind of business are many in number. The choice of the right strategy for a particular business is the most important part of the implementation process of the business. The restaurant business is an integral part of the hospitality industry. The restaurant environment is quite tough as the working hours are long in this case and the work is also tedious (Lee, Kim Park, 2012). The restaurant or the hospitality industry has many opportunities of growth, however, the most important part of this growth process are the customers of the restaurants. The satisfaction of the customers helps in the growth of the restaurants. This process can be completed with the help of certain strategies implemented by the restaurant owners or the managers. The implementation of the right strategy is important for the growth of the restaurant. There are steps involved in the choice of the right strategic framework for the success of the restaurant. The first involves the analysis of the need for a strategic framework in the restaurant and further choosing the right strategy (Gobble, 2012). The next step involves the application of the chosen strategic framework on the goals of the organization and analysing the way each of the goals fit with the strategic framework that is chosen. Finally, the entire plan that has been made for the implementation of the strategic framework is analysed and the balance of the goals is measured on an overall basis. The two strategic frameworks required by restaurant managers and owners The two strategic frameworks that are suitable for the managers or the owners of the restaurants are Porters Five Force Model and the VRIO framework. Explanation of the Porters five forces model with respect to restaurants The Porters five force model is used for the purpose of creating and maintaining the competitive advantage of the organization. This tool helps managers to analyse the environment where the organization is operating. The restaurant managers can use this tool to analyse their competitors and also develop strategies to counter them. As discussed by Srivastava, Franklin Martinette, (2013), the Porters Five Force model helps in identifying five forms of pressure within a particular sector including, competitors in the market, new entries in the market, products that act as substitutes of the products of the particular company, power of the suppliers to bargain, power of the customers to bargain. This model is applied to the restaurant sector and this can help the managers as well as the owners to increase the profitability of the restaurant. Rivalry in the market As discussed by McLay, (2014) the rivalry of between the organizations in the market is the most important force of the Porters five force model. The level of the rivalry between the organizations is an important factor that determines the pressure of the competition. The industry is considered to be a disciplined industry if the level of the competition between the organizations is low. The high level of competition in the market results in the extreme rivalry between the organizations. The amount of the conflict in the market is affected by some characteristics of the particular industry as discussed further. The more number of organizations of the same kind in the market increases the competition between the organizations. The growth of the market in which the organizations are operating results in the fight of the firms for acquiring their share in the market. The reason behind this is the opportunity that a growing market can provide to the firms (Hacklin Wallnfer, 2012). The fixed costs and the costs of operating in a particular market is another that increases the competition. The higher the fixed costs of operating in the market, the greater is the competition between the firms. The low level of switching and less difference between the products in the same industry increases the level of rivalry as well. The barriers related to the exit of a product and the rivals who are diverse in nature increases the competition in the market as well. The growth of an industry encourages more and more entries into the market. This further increases the number of firms in the same industry and the level of competition also increases. The service sector is the fastest growing in the recent times (Sohel, Rahman Uddin, 2014). This has led to the entry of many organizations in the market. The restaurant sector is also a part of it and is growing in the same pace. This has developed huge competition and rivalry among the organizations in this indu stry. Supplier power - As discussed by Nasri Zarai, (2013), the suppliers are an important factor for any type of restaurant The suppliers have the power to decide the price of the raw materials that are required by the restaurants. The cost of the raw materials decides the ultimate price of the products of the restaurants. The restaurant industry is considered to be in the service sector. The services provided in the restaurants are directly dependent on the prices decided by the suppliers of that restaurant. The other main factor that affects this sector is the power of the staff or the labour. The costs associated with the labour of the restaurants is another important factor that affects its operations. The power of the supplier is more if the number of suppliers of any particular product is less in the market and the costs related to the switching of the suppliers is more. This situation makes the suppliers much more powerful. On the other hand, if there is more competition for the s uppliers in the market, the restaurant owner can get more chance of bargaining with the suppliers and increase their profitability. Power of the buyers The customers of the restaurant are considered to be the buyers of the services provided by the restaurant owners. The power of the customers influences the operations and profitability of the restaurants. The customers are more powerful if the same type of services are provided by many restaurants in the same sector. The customer has the power to choose and this determines the profitability of the organization. On the other hand, if the number of restaurants are less in the same sector the customer has less choice and hence the prices can be controlled by the restaurant owners. The prices are regulated by the choice of the customers if they have more choices of restaurants (Gassmann, Frankenberger Csik, 2014). The power of the buyer to set the price is more if the competition is less and the power of the buyers is less if the competition is more. Threats related to the substitutes The third force in the Porters five force model is the threat that is posed to the restaurant owners due to the presence of their substitutes. The availability of the substitutes contributes to the changes in the cost related to the service of the restaurants. The threat related to the substitutes is more prevalent if the demand of the particular service changes with the change in the price of that service. The price elasticity of the services is affected by the substitutes available in the market. The increase in the substitutes of the service increases the demand for that service as well (Cardeal Antonio, 2012). The reason being the availability of that service is more in the market. The closest substitute of a particular restaurant, for example in the same cuisine, contributes in the change in the prices of the services of that restaurant. The threats related to the substitutes of a particular company that endangers the competition of that orga nization arises from outer industries. The substitute related threat affects the industry in terms of the competition related to the prices of the service provided by the organization. This regulates the prices that will be decided by the owners of the restaurants. Threat related to new entrants in the market The entry of new organizations in the market is another threat for the particular firm that is taken into consideration. The new entries in the market have an effect on the level of competition between the organizations. However, there are many barriers related to the entry of the new firms. The barriers to the entry in the market are the factors that define the characteristics of the industry itself (Harrington, Ottenbacher Way, 2013). The rate of the entry of the fresh organizations is reduced due to the barriers that are present in the market. This helps the old firms to maintain their profit levels. This theory holds true for the restaurant or service industry as well. The different types of barriers as discussed by Bernhardt, Mays Hall, (2012), are as discussed further. The barriers in the market are related to the policies made by the government. The policies made by the government sometimes restricts the entry of the new organiza tions. Government can also try to create monopolies for a particular organization in some industries. This restricts the entry of new competition in the market. However, in case of the service sector monopoly market is not created by the government, although the regulations of the government can differ in different places. The patents or copyrights that are required for the new organizations can also act as a barrier to their entry in the market. The ideas and the knowledge that helps an organization to create competitive advantage is used as the private property of the organization that cannot be used by any other organization. This also creates a barrier for the new organization. In case of the service sector the ideas related to the different cuisine styles or the dcor of the restaurants are used as the patents of the particular restaurant, which creates an advantage for that restaurant. As argued by, Booi-Chen Peik-Foong, (2012), the need of the resources for a particular organ ization is another barrier for its entry. The problem occurs for the organizations where the specialized equipments are required which cannot be traded for any other products if the idea of the business does not work. In the restaurants also specialized equipments may be required for different types of cooking purposes, which cannot be used for any other purposes if the business fails. The other barriers in the industry are related to the exit of any particular organization from the market. The exit barriers are related to the difficulty of exit due to the assets which are not easily saleable, the high cost of the exit is also a barrier (Haghighi et al., 2012). Fig 1. (Lee, Kim Park, 2012) VRIO Analysis The framework of the VRIO Analysis is used to examine the business based on the strategic scheme. The vision statement of a particular organization is related to its strategic scheme. VRIO analysis is used an internal analysis tool for a particular organization. As discussed by, Lin et al., (2012), the first part of the VRIO analysis is based on the Value factor of the firm. This part helps in analysing the value of the resource for the organization. The investigation is based on the factor that whether the resource that is provided is able to use the opportunity that is available and also whether it is able to counter the threat that is posed towards the organization. The value factor is considered to be the strength of the company if it is able to conduct the above mentioned activities (Heo et al., 2013). There are many opportunities in the market that can be used by the organizations to increase their value. The opportunities include, change in the technologies related to the industry, the changes in the demography of the target market of the firm, the changes in the culture of the target market. The other opportunities include, the changes in the economy, events related to the industry of which the organization is a part and the politica l and the legal conditions of the industry (Knott, 2015). The value of the organization can be detected effectively from the value chain of the organization. The second part of the VRIO analysis is the rarity of the organization. The uniqueness of a particular organization in terms of the resources that it possesses and the capability of the firm to create an edge in the market is the rarity aspect. The resources that are possessed by a company can create a competitive advantage for that particular organization. This advantage can be ensured if the supply of the resources that are used by a particular company is low and cannot be easily obtained by any other organization (Stefan Richard, 2014). The case in which the organization is not able to gain the advantage over its competition with the help of the resources available, then the level of competition between the organizations is high. The third part of the analysis is related to the imitability factor of the organization. The organizations which possess ideas and resources that cannot be easily obtained or imitated by any other organization can gain a lot of competitive advantage over the other organizations in the same industry (Lin Tsai, 2016). The organization can use the opportunities available for the improvement of its profitability or it can use the resources that are rare and are not easily available for any other organization. In this manner the organization can counter their competition. The fourth and final part of the VRIO is the organization of the resources of the particular company. After the analysis of the value of the resources, the rarity factor of the resources and the ability of the other companies to imitate the resources, the last part of the framework states that the resources need to be organized in such a manner so that they are useful for the company (Pirkowska, 2012). The accurate organization of the resources of the organization can help them to gain the competitive advantage required for their sustainability. The VRIO framework can be used by the restaurant managers or the owners to analyse their organization based on the resources possessed by them and the correct usage of these resources to gain the advantage required by them (Slavik Bednr, 2014). Fig 2. (Cardeal Antonio, 2012) Conclusion The use of the two strategic frameworks, that is, Porters Five Force Model and the VRIO Analysis involves some challenges as well. The Porters Five Force Model is used to analyse the industry in which the business is operating in this case the industry is the service sector, on the other hand VRIO analysis can be used to analyse the internal factors related to the resources of the restaurant. The managers need to apply these frameworks efficiently from time to time to make the business sustainable. The report can be concluded by stating that the two strategic frameworks that are discussed above can be implemented and used efficiently to analyse the sustainability of the restaurant in the service industry and the improvements that are required in the business to increase the sustainability and to get the competitive advantage over other organizations. Recommendation The managers and the owners of the restaurants can be recommended to use the Porters Five Force Model and the VRIO Analysis to analyse the service industry and to analyse the resource availability and the competitive edge of the organizations. The service industry is a growing sector and many opportunities are available for the restaurants to increase their business and profitability. The strategic frameworks that have been discussed above can thereby be used by the restaurant owners and the managers to analyse the internal operations of the restaurants as well as the external environment. The Porters five forces analysis is used for examination of the external analysis of the environment where the restaurant operates and the VRIO Analysis is used for analysis of the internal operations. The internal operations include the Value, Rationality, Imitability and the organization itself. The examples of two restaurants that use the Porters Five Force Model and the VRIO Analysis are as dis cussed further. The Rockpool Bar and Grill, Melbourne is a restaurant in Australia that uses the Porters Five Force model as the strategic framework. Belles Hot Chicken is another restaurant in Australia that uses the VRIO Analysis as the strategic framework for the analysis of the business scheme. References Bernhardt, J. M., Mays , D., Hall, A. K. (2012). Social marketing at the right place and right time with new media. Journal of Social Marketing, 2(2), 130-137. Booi-Chen, T., Peik-Foong, Y. (2012). What Drives Green Restaurant Patronage Intention? International Journal of Business Management, 7(2), 215-223. doi: 10.5539/ijbm.v7n2p215 Cardeal, N., Antonio, N. S. (2012). Valuable, rare, inimitable resources and organization (VRIO) resources or valuable, rare, inimitable resources (VRI) capabilities: What leads to competitive advantage?. Gassmann, O., Frankenberger, K., Csik, M. (2014). Revolutionizing the business model. InManagement of the fuzzy front end of innovation(pp. 89-97). Springer International Publishing. Gobble, M. M. (2012). Innovation and strategy.Research-Technology Management,55(3), 63-67. Hacklin, F., Wallnfer, M. (2012). The business model in the practice of strategic decision making: insights from a case study.Management Decision,50(2), 166-188. Haghighi, M., Dorosti, A., Rahnama, A., Hoseinpour, A. (2012). Evaluation of factors affecting customer loyalty in the restaurant industry.African Journal of Business Management,6(14), 5039. Harrington, R. J., Ottenbacher, M. C., Way, K. A. (2013). QSR choice: Key restaurant attributes and the roles of gender, age and dining frequency.Journal of quality assurance in hospitality tourism,14(1), 81-100. Heo, C. Y., Lee, S., Mattila, A., Hu, C. (2013). Restaurant revenue management: do perceived capacity scarcity and price differences matter?.International Journal of Hospitality Management,35, 316-326. Knott, P. J. (2015). Does VRIO help managers evaluate a firms resources?.Management Decision,53(8), 1806-1822. Lee, H., Kim, M. S., Park, Y. (2012). An analytic network process approach to operationalization of five forces model.Applied Mathematical Modelling,36(4), 1783-1795. Lin, C., Tsai, H. L. (2016). Achieving a firms competitive advantage through dynamic capability.Baltic Journal of Management,11(3), 260-285. Lin, C., Tsai, H. L., Wu, Y. J., Kiang, M. (2012). A fuzzy quantitative VRIO-based framework for evaluating organizational activities.Management Decision,50(8), 1396-1411. McLay, A. (2014). Re-reengineering the dream: agility as competitive adaptability.International Journal of Agile Systems and Management,7(2), 101-115. Nasri, W., Zarai, M. (2013). Key success factors for developing competitive intelligence in organisation.American Journal of Business and Management,2(3), 239-244. Pirkowska, K. (2012). A behavioral approach to strategy management: main dimensions. Selected Papers, The 7th International Scientific Conference Business and Management. Slavik, S., Bednr, R. (2014). Analysis of Business Models.Journal of competitiveness,6(4). Sohel, S. M., Rahman, A. M. A., Uddin, M. A. (2014). Competitive profile matrix (CPM) as a competitors analysis tool: A theoretical perspective.International Journal of Human Potential Development,3(1), 40-47. Srivastava, M., Franklin, A., Martinette, L. (2013). Building a sustainable competitive advantage.Journal of technology management innovation,8(2), 47-60. Stefan, S., Richard, B. (2014). Case Study: Analysis of Business Models and their Innovations.Advances in Management,7(6), 39.

What you should see and do in Germany in 2017

What you should see and do in Germany in 2017 Rich culture, history, and astounding natural beauty best describe the essence of vacationing in Germany. This unique European country offers plenty of opportunities to learn about its cultural heritage, explore its treasures, and just have fun. These beautiful towns have always something to impress their visitors with.   Tropical Island Resort Tropical Island Resort is the Europe`s biggest tropical holiday resort, which is situated just 60 km from Berlin and open all year round. It is always summer at the beach inside this former airship hangar. It provides the wide selection of activities for each member of the family. This luxury resort is complete with sandy beaches, swirling waterslides, tropical rainforests, waterfalls, and palm groves. This spectacular sun-kissed resort attracts up to 6,000 visitors a day. Guests can enjoy saunas, evening shows, and numerous restaurants. Cochem The old town of Cochem is situated in the most romantic part of the Moselle Valley, which is rich of vineyards. Even the Roman sang the praises of the remarkable landscaped of this town. There is plenty to see and do here while being on a short weekend trip. Cochem`s Imperial Castle in the most impressive and significant tourist attraction. Do not miss a chance to enjoy beautiful landscapes, stunning architecture, and have some fine regional wines. Bavarian Alps Majestic mountains, green meadows, and blue skies†¦. These few words capture perfectly the true essence of Bavarian Alps. They form a stunningly beautiful natural divide along the Austrian border. This region is pocked with various resorts and spas. It also provides different outdoor activities: from snowboarding and skiing in winter to camping, canoeing, paragliding, cycling, and hiking in summer. Munich Munich is a capital of Bavaria which is situated in the backdrop of the Alps. This city is considered to be one of the most beautiful in Germany. Its Mitteleuropa beer halls, high-tech industry, Mediterranean-style street cafes, and highbrow art will definitely impress you. This German`s metropolis has plenty to offer to its visitors. World-class sights, museums, galleries, and historic architecture will tell you about the past of this city. Munich is enticing more visitors than ever, especially during Oktoberfest. Lichtenstein Castle The Lichtenstein Castle, situated on the southern edge of the Vienna Woods, family seat of the Prince of Lichtenstein, is a place, which annually attracts thousands of tourists from all over the world. This castle can be visited only with guidance. You can explore palatial rooms, filled with original medieval furniture, reliefs, weapons, paintings, stained glass, and murals. You will be able to enjoy the amazing panoramic views to the Swabian Mountains that open from this stunning place. Saxon Switzerland The National Park of Saxon Switzerland offers endless ways to spend your holiday. More than 700 summits attract hikers and rock climbers and offer stunning views. The 93 km region between the Czech border and Pirna is one of the most wonderful landscapes in the whole Europe, which is the only one of its kind. Travelers are transported to a quirky and wildly romantic world. Admission to the famous Bastei Bridge and the National Park is absolutely free. Semperoper Opera Dresden was the first city in North of the Alps to have an opera. It has existed since 1667.The very first opera performed here was written by German composer Carl Maria von Weber. This leading international opera house consistently attracts a large number of music lovers. You will be able to explore this magnificent building and its luxurious interiors, and see the opera or ballet performance. Steinach Steinach is a popular holiday destination in the southern part of the Thuringian Forest. Visitors can relax and regain their strength here, in seemingly untouched natural surroundings. Steinach offers its holidaymakers the Sillbersattel ski arena, which is the largest Alpine ski region in Thuringia. Steinach is also a venue for festivals and celebrations. It is worth a visit at any time of the year. Heidelberg Heidelberg is the Germany`s oldest and most famous university town. It is world-known for its evocative ruins of the famous Renaissance castle, historic medieval and baroque buildings, beautiful riverside setting, and spirited student atmosphere. Its Altstadt has a red-roofed townscape of remarkable architectural unity. This town hosts various festivals, cultural and entertaining events. Bonn The blooming street in Bonn is a striking attraction. The Cherry Blossom Avenue is blooming with the pink gorgeous blossom that attracts a lot of photographers and travelers every spring. Bonn is also famous as the birthplace of Beethoven, a connection marked by a variety of events and attractions.

100+ Power Words to Include in Your Résumé

100+ Power Words to Include in Your Rà ©sumà © Imagine that youre a hiring manager sifting through stacks of incoming rà ©sumà ©s- all using the same (or nearly the same) language. Beyond the sheer boredom of having to read them, the repetitive phrasing comes across as a rà ©sumà © that has been built with a template and without any distinguishing characteristics that would make an individual stand out. With this being the norm, when one particular rà ©sumà © stands out as different, its a big impact. So, the question then becomes: How can I make my rà ©sumà © stand out from the rest?Oprah Winfreys advice on rà ©sumà © building is the perfect answer to this question: The challenge of life, I have found, is to build a rà ©sumà © that doesnt simply tell a story about what you want to be, but its a story about who you want to be.Keep that advice in mind as we go over 100+ power words to include in your rà ©sumà © to set yours apart from the rest.Including power words on your rà ©sumà © will help you stand out from th e pack. Photo by rawpixel on UnsplashCompany valuesA companys primary goal in hiring is to find a capable, talented individual that can reflect the companys values in his or her work. The most obvious way to let them know youre that individual is to take awhile to look over the companys mission statement and vision- both of which are most often found on a companys website. Lets look at an example and pull some power words from it that could be included in your rà ©sumà ©:Christine H. is looking for a job with Boys Girls Clubs of America and goes to their website to find the company values and mission statement. In doing so, she finds the following information:MissionTo enable all young people, especially those who need us most, to reach their full potential as productive, caring, responsible citizens.VisionProvide a world-class Club Experience that assures success is within reach of every young person who enters our doors, with all members on track to graduate from high school wi th a plan for the future, demonstrating good character and citizenship, and living a healthy lifestyle.Boys Girls Club of AmericaNow, to pull some power words from these statements, Christine might choose:enablereach their full potentialcaringresponsibleplan for the futuregood charactercitizenshiphealthy lifestyleFrom this list of power words, pulled straight from the target employers website, Christine can now craft her objective statement, summary, and even past job details with these words included. For example, if she has teaching experience, instead of writing something like this as a detail on her job description:Helped students with social skills and peer interactionShe could rather write:Discussed and emphasized citizenship roles and caring for their peersInstead of using a typical objective statement such as:Recent graduate seeking a job with an employer that is making a difference in the world.She could write a summary statement that has far more impact, using the power w ords pulled from the companys mission statement:Caring and forward-thinking teacher seeking a job that allows me to enable young people to become the best version of themselves and practice a healthy, responsible lifestyle.The result of changing her summary statement to reflect some of the power words noted in the companys mission statement is an automatic connection between the teacher she wants to be (remember Oprahs advice) and the teacher they are seeking.Same idea, better wordsWhile these example sentences communicate the same idea, by choosing power words from the companys mission statement, she has immediately set herself apart from the rest of the applicants and shown that she has a unique ability to meet the vision that Boys Girls Clubs of America has for its work. In doing so, shes showing that shes an ideal candidate for the position.The same thing can be done with the job description itself. Look over the language used in the job description and pull out some of the key power words. Use these words in your summary and former job details (if they fit) and allow them to be the focus on your rà ©sumà ©. Obviously, you need to make sure you can back up your statements with experience. If there is a power word you have noted that you cant tie directly with your past course work or experience, its best to leave it out and find one that will easily correlate to your employment or educational history.Atypical action verbsBeyond using language from the companys mission statement and job description as power words in your rà ©sumà ©, unique action verbs will stand out more than the more commonly used ones such as worked, oversaw, managed, performed or did. If your job description bullet points contain these overused words, go through the list of atypical action verbs below to see if another might fit and offer a more powerful word choice.Here are some atypical rà ©sumà © action verbs to consider in place of repeating the tired, overused ones that are used in everyone elses rà ©sumà ©:AchievedAcquiredActivatedAmendedAnalyzedAppraisedArbitratedAscertainedAssessedAttainedAuthoredBalancedBoostedBolsteredBrainstormedBuiltCentralizedChartedCoachedCommissionedCompiledConceptualizedConsolidatedConstructedConvincedCritiquedDecipheredDeliberatedDeterminedDiagnosedDirectedDraftedEducatedElicitedEmpoweredEncouragedEnrichedEvaluatedExaminedExpandedFacilitatedForecastedFormulatedFosteredFoundedGuidedIllustratedImplementedInfluencedInformedInitiatedInnovatedInspiredIntegratedInterpretedIntroducedInvestigatedJustifiedLecturedLinkedMediatedMobilizedModernizedMonitoredMotivatedMultipliedOrchestratedOrganizedOrientedPartneredPersuadedPioneeredPolishedProcuredProjectedPromotedQueriedReconciledRecruitedRefinedRehabilitatedRejuvenatedRevampedSanctionedScrutinizedShapedSpearheadedStreamlinedStrengthenedStimulatedSustainedSynthesizedTailoredTracedTransformedTransmittedUpdatedUpgradedValidatedVisualizedLets look at the difference these words can make on a typical rà ©sumà ©. Before using power words, Christines job experience bullet points read like this:Performed duties such as grading and lesson planningContacted parents relating to their childs progressTaught students soft skills for the workplaceWorked with fellow teachers on curriculum development goalsAfter replacing the typical verbs with atypical action verbs, her job experience bullet points now read like this:Created lesson plans and evaluated grades to determine student progressFacilitated open communication with parents as stakeholders in their childs educational progressEmpowered students with soft skills that would enrich their career searchCollaborated with peers to integrate curriculum goals into teaching practiceImmediately, youll notice how the tasks using power words and atypical action verbs seem more important, with more personal involvement on Christines part. While both examples show the same tasks, the second one will stand out to a potential employer w ho is seeking someone who can empower, collaborate and create. These words have much more impact than performed, contacted, taught, and worked.Choose power words with greater impact for your rà ©sumà ©. Photo by Sarah Cervantes on Unsplash.Popular skillsThe modern workplace often looks vastly different than workplaces just 20 years ago. While some skills have remained in demand- such as communication skills, organization skills, etc.- others have grown in demand only recently. For example, 10 years ago, employers didnt care whether you have social media literacy, unless you were working specifically in that field. Now, its a factor many employers consider in their new hires, especially since the effect of social media has intensified in the past decade.This article on career-building website Monster.com lists the top seven skills employers are currently looking for, in general, in new-hires:Problem solvingData analyticsSocial media literacyCreativityResilienceGood business senseWi llingness to learnThese skills are power words in their own way, and including them on your rà ©sumà © will help boost your chances of being hired and distinguish you from the pack. Obviously, employers from different sectors will list other skills that are needed to fulfill the job role. However, having the core basic skills and including them on your rà ©sumà © is a power play that will get you noticed, regardless of the sector to which youre applying.Final thoughtsIts important to understand that you can use every power word possible on your rà ©sumà ©, but if you submit it with grammar, syntax, or spelling mistakes, that power is lost. One risk you might run into in using atypical action verbs is spelling them incorrectly, so whatever words you use, make sure youve checked and then rechecked again to ensure accuracy.Also, be careful to avoid throwing in power words without knowing their meaning. This could result in using a word out of context, which will make it seem like you dont know what youre doing, and are simply using big words for the sake of using them. This will come across to your potential employer as dishonest and unprofessional, so whatever words you use- understand their connotation and definition fully before doing so.

Cafs Notes Groups Essay Example

Cafs Notes Groups Essay Example Cafs Notes Groups Essay Cafs Notes Groups Essay Community and Family Studies| Groups in Context | HSC Core Topic| tien [Pick the date] | Identifying groups with specific needs * Identify special characteristics of each group in order to justify why each should be considered a unique entity * Describe people who belong to different groups within society by: * Identifying the needs of the people in these groups * Evaluating the access of these groups in resources GAY AND LESBIANE -Sexual orientation towards same sex -Need more acceptance and support because they feel isolated -Health needs of HIV/AIDS Discriminated against -Socially isolated -Low self esteem -Poor identity and self image NEEDS Access to Services -Health support that promotes sexual protection, physical and mental health: AIDS Council of NSW (ACON) -media that informs about gay-friendly events and services: Sydney Star Observer Gay and Lesbiane Rights Lobby Group is a support group that helps them access resources equitably, fights for their rights and anti-discrimin ation Twenty10: social organisation for them to raise self-esteem and network with others, and cope with societys stereotypical attitudes. Targets the youth. -Need education about sexuality safe sex. Hard to access this. -Have to educate public about them to reduce homophobia. -Employment: need protection from discrimination, the Anti-Discrimination Act 1977 Financial Support: dont become parents so generally have better socio-economic status. Law still recognises them as a couple so they stil get the same certain legal rights financially. Health: -need education about sexual health to avoid getting HIV/AIDS. Fear of underaged gay sex (under 18) limits their access to medical attention, -Problems of substance and alcohol abuse, higher suicide rates, depression due to rejection and discrimination -Need to find safe housing in area without discrimination harassment. -Need safety and security without gay hate, emotional or physical violence. Peoples homophobic attitudes damages self-esteem and sense of self worth. E. g. religions that promote gay hate. Gays feel rejected from church communities. Need to adjust to their sexual sense of identity. -Can feel isolate because its different. -Cultural and bias perception of gay culture can make them self-reject or homophobic. Confused, in denial and despair. Understanding from people is important. FACTORS Age: young people might not know resources available. So they get confused, lonely, frustrated. Very scared of rejection, so they keep it a secret and completely limits their access to resources. Young people facing discrimination and bullying at school can complain to the Anti-Discrimination Board, or is facing discrimination from the school they can report to Department of Education and Training -Most disability services only deal with disability, except for the Rainbow Support Group thats gives support to developmental disabled who are gay. Education about their sexuality, support groups, safe sex practuces enhance the access to services and wellbeing. Parents and Friends of Lesbians and Gays (PFLAG) gives help and info to keep family and friends close to their homosexual people. Ethnic and cultural beliefs limits their access to services if their religion doesnt accept homosexuality, they feel ashamed. Have to hide it. Beit el Hob is a Middle Eastern gay support group. Gender: gay males have more obvious stereotypical characteristics and suffer more discrimination. Limits access to services and makes them need it more, especially medicaly if they get gay-hatred fueled violence. Females are getting more socially accepted, arent as obvious so get more access to services. Location: services mostly in city, rural gays find it harder. Still able to access over phone/internet. -More scared of inexperienced or homophobic health care professionals, limits access to health services. Also not comfortable comming out to them. Socio-economic status: more financial support so more access to resources and services. AGED -ABS says 65+ -National Senoirs association says 50+ -increased population and expectancy life expectancy: 76 for men and 82 for women -give wisdom and experience to society with employment and raising kids -retire=more leisure time -less income, rely on gov benefits, super and savings -more vulnerable to illness nd disability -most live at home, some need support eg HAAC -get lonely as people die -less mobile and more frail NEEDS: Access to services: -need more family and government support due to decrease health and mobility -need health services that s till keep their independence -eg GPs, hospitals, breast scans, public transport Assistance services: Home Care, Catholic Care of the Aged, Home and Community Care, Meals on Wheels, family, community nurses -reluctance to rely on services because they dont want to admit their age/health, lack knowledge, physical problems, high price, think its familys responsiblity. Education: -important to keep up with technology sklls because they werent raised up with it for communication, information and access to services and goods -e. g. computers and internet -might want to learn new leisure activity -ask a friend/family for assistance meets intellectual needs, increase social and self-esteem wellbeing -may need training at work for technology and skills to maintain their employability Employment: -most are retired or part time working only due to health/choice -so they lose job satisfaction, money, social contacts, routin and responsibility -changes self esteem and sense of identity because t hey have smaller role in society -new technology makes it harder for them to get a job -a lot do volunteer work or child minding Health: -more risk of bad health and medical issues -need affordable and accessible health care and medication spend more on medical, so higher socio-economic status = better health -decrease bone density and muslce mass, prone to falls, heart disease and cancer, chronic illness can lead to impairment eg asthma/athriritis, diabetes, vision and hearing impairment , depression, dementia -hard to complete daily tasks -often need nursing home care Housing: -most (90%) stay at home -may need rearrangements at home $$ for this -assistance such as HAAC is a home service that does things like add handrails in toilets, add building ramps federal funding, respite care, delivered meals, home nursing, home maintenance, Meals on Wheels -might need a carer if they cant afford full time help they can live with relatives, grannly flat, smaller house, retirement village, nursing home -informal support is decline because more women go to work instead of staying at home, increased divorced rate, children move far from home -retirement homes provide socialisation through leisure eg swimming pool and stimulation -nursing homes provide meals, ersonal and miedcal if there really disabled/frail -respite care for family members Security Safety: -emotional needs, need to keep in touch with friends family -physical: adequate housing and good health can due vulnerable because their frail and lonely, esp. in public. Often targets of thefts, assaults, scams -get isolated as their friends die and family move away Self-esteem -need to be healthy, working, independent to maintain high self-esteem. have to feel useful through involvement in voluntary work,hobby, part time work, socialising -Dependent, retired, health problems = low self-esteem Sense of identity -dead spouse, living alone, not close to family, friends = no sense of belonging Financial Support super annuation is compulsory since july 1992 -wage if still working -centrelink benefits: Age Pension/Newstart Allowance for mature people (50+), Pharmaceutical Allowanc, -Pensioner Concession Card, Health Care Card, commonweath senoirs health card (cheaper doctors, speialists, chemists), Rent Assistance FACTORS Age: -determines their superannuation, pensions and drivers license test -changes peoples attitudes, eg harder for older people to find employment if employee thinks they wont stay for long Disability: -increases with age, eg arthritis -some can get the Disability Support Pension/Mobility Parking Scheme -can get community transport Education: -if they learn how to use technology it increases their access to more goods, sserivces and information -eg Federal Governments senoirs website gives supportive resources -to get info on new driving regulations eg roundabout rules to pass driving test and keep their license -about health issues Gender: women better at maintaing friendships -men get lonelier when their partner dies -women have longer life expectancy, more aged women Location: -have more access to health, education, government departments in urban area then rural -rural aged have closer family ties Socio-economic status -big impact on wellbeing -high status=private health insurance, money for entertainment and travel -low status=cant afford car, public hospital waiting list for non-elective surgery Homeless People â€Å"without a conventional home who lack most of the economic social supports that a home normally affords† * Legal definition: inadequate access to safe and secure housing * Stopped getting support from family/friends, so don’t feel belonging with people or community * Might have financial debt, not enough money for housing, drug or alcohol problems, no jobs or place in society, socially isolated, domestic violence is the biggest cause of their homelessness esp. or women, family breakdown for young people * Physical, mental and health and wellbeing problems Needs ACCESS TO SERVICES: * Can’t access the services available if they can’t read (eg centrelink); they need help finding and accessing services * it’s already too full or the service doesn’t have enough resources to meet demands, eg Wedley Mission * Biggest need is crisis accommodation * Government gives: Supported Accommodation Assistance program: gov gives money to agencies for refuges and shelters * National Homelessness Strategy: prevents and supports homeless people * St Vincent de Paul: biggest charity organisation, runs Matthew Talbot Hostel for homeless men EDUCATION * They need it to know about services they can access, and to confidently access them * Need education that fosters independence and self-esteem * Usually low self-esteem, lack of resources, no sense of belonging, poor utrition= bad concentration, lack of economic resources; makes it hard to get education * Need to learn how manage resources, decision-making and problem solving * Student welfare services: targets youth at school in need to prevent homelessness * Homeless might be educated but are homeless because of things they can’t control, eg family/money * Job Placement, Employment Training programs helps youth with education and work EMPLOYMENT * Unemployment causes homelessness * Most use Supported Accommodation Assistance program * Why they can’t find employment: Low self esteem * Poor health * Lack of social support * Poor education * Lack of suitable skills and knowledge * Might have very low paying jobs * They need equitable access to training for skills * Community organisations need more money to train them * Young homeless people need education, employment training and transport close t to their homes * Government should offer subsidies to employers so they hire homeless people * They need a case manager if they are employed to make sure they stay employed FINANCIAL SUPPORT * Needed for basic needs; food, clothing, shelter Centrelink Community Officers go around to help homeless apply for Centrelink benefits eg Youth Allowance, aged, Disability, Unemployment Benefits * Can’t get centrelink if they don’t have a fixed address * Welfare organisations funded by Emergency Relief Programs: * Smith Family * St Vincent de Paul * Salvos * Lifeline * Drug alcohol addicts spent their money of their addictions; refuse help because their running away from their bad past and don’t want to be found HEALTH * High health needs because they have more problems Mental disorders; malnutrition; drug/alcohol abuse; sexual health problems- both consequence and result * Gets heaps of health problems: frostbite, leg ulcers, depression, self-hatred, self-harm * Women are more vulnerable to violence and sexual assault * STDs etc if do sex work for survival * Neglected need under food, housing, work * Only get help when in crisis * Need health care that is free, flexible, holistic, non-discriminating, bulk bills, walk-in appointments * Need counselling to deal with their emotional trauma Need mental health services to be improved, more accessible, less waiting time; need access to drug and alcohol rehab services, more rural healthcare HOUSING * Don’t have enough money to live in a safe environment * Department of Public Housing-Homelessness Action Team * Need emergency crisis accommodation * Supported Accommodation Assistance program * Commonwealth or State Housing A greement * Rental Assistance; and help through Mission Australia * Housing has be available, adequate, appropriate, emergency and short-term, and permanent too. Has to meet their needs; works with education, employment, health services SECURITY SAFETY * There not safe on the streets, alleyways, parks, etc * Temporary accommodation so they have no sense of belonging or security * Commonwealth Department of Family Community Services- Reconnect Program: helps young homeless people reconcile with family, improve education and skills * Partnerships Against Domestic Violence Strategy gives money to stop domestic violence to there’s less people living in abusive environments, which is a major cause of homelessness SELF-ESTEEM They have low self-esteem from family breakdown, abuse, assault, lack of education, mental illness, poverty * Poor view of future * Seem aggressive or hostile because of their bad experiences and lack of communication skills * Need to feel belonging to the community SENSE OF IDENTITY * Their low self-esteem, unemployment, low/no income, homeless stigma poor sense of identity * Don’t have a proper home so no str ong identity * Can’t get Centrelink Access to resources AGE * Some people are too young to access services; eg some only accept people 12+ * Centrelink payments can be age based Affects what they know and experienced; eg old person knows support services but doesn’t access it because of past bad experiences * Most homeless youth have mental illness so don’t access resources, and there’s a lot so less resources DISABILITY * Disabled people can get Disability pensions * Not mobile; so can’t physically access resources * Harder to communicate and access resources * But it depends on the type of disability and how much it affects them EDUCATION * Education helps to find and access resources Poor literacy skills = can’t access resources eg Centrelink * Can get referred to resources through school if their young * Education increases employment so less likely they’ll be homeless ETHNICITY/CULTURE * Language barrier * Need support staff that speaks other languages or are culturally sensitive * A lot of non-English speaking and Indigenous homeless people GENDER * Gender specific services; Matthew Talbot House, Catherine McAuley House, women’s refuges * Females look for help more, but more likely to have hildren so need more * Women tend to escape domestic violence * Men have more jobs available so easier to access to financial resources LOCATION * Urban areas have more resources than rural * They move place to place; No permanent address = no centrelink SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS * They have little or no money * No money = hard to get resources * Don’t get centrelink if they don’t have a fixed address * Poor people tend to live in areas where it’s hard to find a job Rural Families * Live far from suburbs and capital cities * Agricultural industry Small close knit communities * Not as much contact with others * Supportive families * Low population density NEEDS ACCESS TO SERVICES * Hard to get serv ices at rural towns so they have to travel to bigger towns * Internet is important in getting services such as banking, but they have to know how to use technology * Centrelink assistance through rural call centres, theres rural officers so they don’t have to go all the way to the office * Have to travel far for medical facilities, sporting venues, shopping centres * Cost more money and time, reorganise scedules Expensive rural services because of the delivery * Disabled or ill people have harder access to facilities and support networks * Different ethnic backgrounds have less support networks, eg worship or help with literacy * Young people = less casual work if their at school, so less financial independence and resources * Old people = have work skills but increased mobility means harder to travel to access resources EDUCATION Usually have one big school for K-12 or one small public school, limited subject choice and teachers have to teach more * Rural students might need educational resources from far schools or school of the air, boarding school * Ned access to computer and facsimile technology long distant or school of the air, financial resources needed for boarding school * Assistance for Isolated Children scheme designed by Department of Education * Training and Youth Affairs program from Centrelink = helps students who can’t go to government school everyday cause it’s too far; gives allowance without a mans test * Boarding Allowance but have to pass the Parental Income test EMPLOYMENT Limited to work on farms and properties, or trade in the town, seasonal work like fruit picking but no security * Females have less career choice but can still do farming property * Most youth have to leave rural rown for further education FINANCIAL SUPPORT * Rural towns are dominated by one industry, so there’s no predictable income, and there can be rapid financial downturns; eg if the harvest doesn’t do well that year then thereâ⠂¬â„¢s payments from Centrelink eg Flood Assistance Package * Rural people can get: * Remote Area Allowance * Crisis Payment * Diaster Relief Payment * Exceptional Circumstances Relief Payment HEALTH * Severe doctor shortage * Neglected because there’s only a few specialist facilities, ill or disabled have to travel far for health services * Less support networks for disabled or chronically ill Less bulk billing so it’s harder for socio-economically disadvantaged to get medical attention * Government scheme to encourage young doctors to move out of urban areas into rural areas, rural doctors get full Medicare Rebate which means the patient gets more rebate, so more doctors can bulk bill HOUSING * Lower cost of living but spend more on travel * Can feel isolated at home * Need resources like communication, entertainment eg computer, internet, mobile phones, cable pay television SECURITY AND SAFETY * More physical security because of close knit community * Feel threatene d from travellers * Financially insecure cause stress and worry if in debt * Need financial assistance and emotional assistance, counselling and informal support SELF-ESTEEM Feel helpless if there’s natural disasters impacting their work and income * Can feel like a failure if there work fails * Can rely on family, friends, banks, government = low self-esteem and self worth * Need emotional support and new work so they don’t give up and can still provide for family * The Farm Help – Supporting Families Through Change program gives them access to payments, financial counselling, grants; lets farmers meet their physical needs for family and emotionally by increasing self-esteem and security SENSE OF IDENTITY * Farmers used to be well off but now the weathers unpredictable and commodity prices are lower, their future can be uncertain * Rural areas are seen as for farming and mining Tourism creates a new sense of identity for these areas Factors affecting access to resources for rural families AGE * Not a barrier for farming work, young and old can do it * Teenagers have limited access to social or sporting commitments, special resources, but most leave after high school so the average age of farmer is increasing * so older farmers have less mobility making it harder to maintain their farm DISABILITY * disabled people have extra limits to resources eg support groups, services, recreation, shopping * hard to transport; no community bus * hard to fix equipment, get new supplies * almost no respite care facilities in rural areas, limited community houses and shelters workshops EDUCATION Very limited, eg only teaches up to year 10 so parents have the send children off to boarding school * Boarding School Allowance from Centrelink helps * Open Training and Education Network (OTEN) courses through Distant Education * There’s a lot technology; video conferencing, online courses that had subjects that their school might not * Tertiary educatio n students usually have to leave home * If they stay and work on a property they have to educated in things like retail hospitality, health ETHNICITY/CULTURE * Ethnic people have difficulty fitting in because of their language and finding information support, hard to find their food as well GENDER * Gender impacts what jobs they have Country Women’s Association looks after welfare of women and their family, in both country and city by lobbying to gov, fundraise and teach life skills * Traditional role is men are farmers and women look after children, but it’s chaning and there’s more jobs for women LOCATION * Biggest factor, limits their access to special services in health and education * So they have to travel more for school, recreational supports SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS * High = more opportunities in education, mobility, lifestyle (can afford books, travel, entertainment) * Low = rely on government, less health advantages Disabled * Restricted or lack of abili ty to perform an activity in the manner or within range considered normal for a human being * Eg difficulty in sight, speaking, hearing, moving, etc * Different types and extents of disability * Physical/intellectual disadvantage * Need a carer for help with everyday activities TYPES OF DISABILTIES IS PIPS: PHYSICAL INTELLECTUAL PYSCHOLOGICAL SENSORY (HEARING/VISUALLY IMPAIRED) NEEDS ACCESS TO SERVICES * A lot of services that they don’t access because * Don’t know about the services or know that they have a disability * Can’t get to it because of disability * It’s not free * Judgement that their intellectually disabled as well; community ignorance * Government, community organisations have to work together: * NSW Down’s Syndrome Association * Royal Blind Society * Deaf Society of NSW * The House With No Steps * Life Without Barriers * The Spastic Centre * Disability Information Service * People with Disabilities NSW Life Activities and Mission Australia: helps them live independently in the community, effective communication, planning, goal settling, how to do day-to-day activities * National Council for Sport and Recreation for the Disabled: helps them interact and participate in recreation and leisure activities * Gover nment’s Disability Policy Framework: makes sure disabled people can still access services for normal people * Illegal to discriminate against disabled people * Schools can have language interpreter for hearing-impaired student EMPLOYMENT * Government made the Commonwealth Disability Services Act 1986 so more disabled people can work especially in labour. Achieves it through job search, job placement, individual job training and support, disability employment services * Post School Options program is from NSW government forces disabled people to have the same job opportunities as a normal person if they are both able to do it, eg pick up a phone * Need the employers o know that their not fully disabled, and gov offer subsidies and support for their education and training * Disabled people might need changes in work premises, equipment, schedules and training but can still do a good job FINANCIAL SUPPORT * Can support themselves through work * Others need extra support or full support from someone else or agency * Centrelink gives it for disabled and carer of disabled, Disability Support Pension for people with physical intellectual, psychiatric impairment so they can’t work * Carer Payments * Still need their independence, so it helps them with their medical expenses, special equipment and changes to be independent HEALTH * Disability usually comes from disease, disorder or injury * health needs depends on their disability some have to be in hospital, nursing homes, etc for to be cared for * household disabled need help moving around from friends, family, partner * carer gets strained HOUSING * have the change their house * Department of Housing builds or refurbishes home so they can live there * Home and Community Care gives home nursing, delivered meals, home help, transport, shopping, paramedical services, advice and assistance * Illegal for real estate to discriminate; eg guard dog must be allowed for the blind SECURITY AND SAFETY * Financial assistance = they can meet their basic needs * Emotional support from informal support * Have to feel belonging to community and safe; so there’s disabled car parks, ramps at shops, disabled seats on transport SELF-ESTEEM Feel different; so low self-esteem * Need love, care and encouragement * Need a positive attitude SENSE OF IDENTITY * Some always need care so no sense of id. * Others are independent and have their own identity * Disabled kids shouldn’t get pities and over protective FACTORS AFFECTING ACCESS TO RESOURCES FOR THE DISABLED AGE * Age makes the disability worse * Age is carer; too old to work DISABLITY * Formal resources helps eg Disability Support Pension, Mobility Parking Scheme sticker, Mobility Allowance = lets disabled use taxis to work or to training programs * Learning support at schools and special schools for very disabled * Special Olympics of Paralympics Crossways: spiritual support EDUCATION * Education helps their disability to manage it * I ntellectually disabled can use internet and mobile phone to get access to information, enhance communication especially if they don’t leave the house * Important to learn about their health issues and what support groups are out there for them * Disabled youth get more assistance at school and in tafe with special teachers/classrooms ETHNICITY/CULTURE * Limits their access to formal services eg health resources and also friendships * Handital NSW is a community facility for people from ethnic background, disabled Italians and there carers through programs GENDER Disabled men more likely from motor vehicle or occupational inkury * Disabled women less education, earn less money, more likely to be institutionalised and vulnerable to violence LOCATION * Urban areas have more access to resources and the rural disabled have to travel more for it, eg health, education, support groups, government departments SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS * Less money because they rely on government, limits a ccess to private health insurance, leisure activities, and have to be on long waiting lists for equipment eg motorised wheelchairs * More money = can buy more specialised equipment Youth * Age between childhood and adulthood * 15-24 years Usually studying so dependent on parents * Puberty, body changes * Getting their independence and learning about life NEEDS ACCESS TO SERVICES * Voluntary organisations give emergency help, basic needs and advice * The smith family * Mission Australia * St Vincent de paul * Lifeline gives crisis help, and counselling * Centrelink, HSC advice line, school and employment counsellors: employment training and counselling * Centrelink payments; Austudy, Newstart, Youth Allowance * Gym for physical wellbeing * Community organisations: * Sydney City Mission * Centrecare * Doctors * Community Centres * Community Transport * Educational Support Teams * Housing services Assistant employment opportunities EDUCATION * Lack of money or family support makes it h ard to complete and access further education * Youth Allowance is there income while they study, look for work, training course, sick * Education is free and they have counsellors, social workers, career advisers for young people’s needs EMPLOYMENT * They can work full time, part time, casual so they have more responsibility especially to find a job/future career * Community resources help them find jobs eg Job Networks, Training Courses, Apprenticeship programs eg Green Corp * Informal eg charity, family, peers, teachers, coaches FINANCIAL SUPPORT Most are supported by family, so their parents income and social location impacts how much help they get from their parents and for how long, but higher earners won’t get centrelink * lower earners get family allowance, rent assistance, away from home rate eg * 20-24 are more independent, their job income lets them meet their needs, more are living with parents so saving money for travel, car, clothes, etc * Youth have to le arn to manage money, get a good credit rating, save for a house deposit HEALTH * Have good health but vulnerable to asthma, sexual issues, unwanted pregnancies, risk behaviour; drugs and speed, mental/emotional problems; depression * Increasing rate of suicide especially for males HOUSING * Provided by family but problems at home e. g. family conflict, violence, health issues, poverty, desire for independence = they move out * They work and can pay for rent Others struggle and rely on department of housing, mission Australia or centrelink * Older youth need privacy and independence at home; some can live in the granny flat for les conflict over noise, friends over, personal space SECURITY AND SAFETY * Find it in family and peer group * Need a positive family environment and have enough resources for emotional and physical needs * Good peer group that doesn’t make them involved in drug abuse, binge drinking, safe sex, violent behaviour, gangs SELF-ESTEEM * They have to feel go od about themselves, family is important * Parents should praise and encourage for them to succeed * Low self-esteem and depression from unemployment, poor self-image, peer pressure, relationship problems * Family has to give support and encourage if low self-esteem SENSE OF IDENTITY Move away from parents influence and into peer approval and acceptance * Grow personal and sexual identity and need a supportive and trusting environment for it * Society wants them to be responsible but sometimes don’t get the chance to prove it, eg can’t work until 14 yr 9 months, Factors affecting access to resources for the youth AGE * Government policies and regulations based on age; Abstudy for 14, Youth Allowance for 14-24, get their L’s at 16, P’s at 17 * Legal Aid hotline for people -18 * Impacts how they can access resources and services; eg access to school, gap-year programs, youth groups, etc * Barrier if they can’t vote or sign contract, go to nightclubs, buy alcohol * Not as much life experience = limits decision making ability DISABILITY Disabled that goes to mainstream schools can get special provisions for exams, or go to special school * Disabled youth can get Mobility Allowance if they can’t use public transport at 16 * TAFE has special courses too EDUCATION * Needed for further education and training eg university, so they can get higher-paid employment with more career opportunities to meet housing and self esteem needs also ETHNICITY/CULTURE * They have to learn English through intensive language course before school, a lot of private colleges teaches students English for their school * Ethnic people can study their language as a subjects and do well in it * Language and cultural barriers can make it harder to make friends at school GENDER Not as much of an impact as before; but still might be harder for some employments or promotion, eg easier for men to succeed in professional sport and get paid more LOCATION * Rur al youth don’t get as much access to education, employment opportunities, recreational activities, health services, public transport * Negatively impacts how they can meed needs for education, health, employment, housing, financial support * Internet and technology breaks down the location barrier * Urban youth have more access to services and resources * Rural youth have more community support informally; friends, family, neighbours SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS Youth with more can afford more expensive recreational choices, private schooling, private health care * Lower socioeconomic status face limits with education and training but can’t work full time Sole Parent * One parent living with 1+ children * Due to divorce, separation, death, illness, desertion, child out of marriage * More at risk of poverty * Increasing due to increasing divorce NEEDS ACCESS TO SERVICES * Have more services but don’t access it * Public transport, the Jobs, Education and Training program , Parenting Payment, Family Allowance, Child Support Agency, childcare, DOCs * Ethnic sole parents aren’t as accepted in their community, especially unmarried women having kids EDUCATION * Going to school is time and money consuming Single parents could of interrupted their high school or uni education, hard to go back with a child, would need child care and financial help if they do * Workers might take time off for full time parenting, need qualification and update their experience, get training and education for a good job * Sole parents can still work full time and get their Centrelink payments * Parenting Payment can use the Jobs, Education and Training program for educational needs * Sydney western schoos have intensive programs that makes school more flexible for students to finish hsc EMPLOYMENT * Might spend more money with healthcare, travel, clothing than they get at work, get less rental assistance and rebate if they work, plus less time parenting so a lot donâ₠¬â„¢t work * They don’t need to work until youngest child is 16 Need flexible work; with hours for them, family leave, eg * Employment lets them socialise with other adults FINANCIAL SUPPORT * Some need community and government support; government needs to give them more money * The Parenting Payment (Single) for single parents; depends on your income and allowance assets * Health Care Card * Parent who look s after child can get Child Support HEALTH * Medicare because private health care is expensive * Emotional health because they broke up with partner * Need advice and support; counselling services eg Lifeline, St Vincent de paul society, kids helpline * DOCs for family in crisis * Children can go into foster care while parents work out how to manage situation HOUSING Most rent, some get rental assistance; long waiting list for public housing * Public housing people get accessed every few years so they don’t have security * Have to find affordable housing if they ca n’t get public housing * Moving between homes of both parents can disrupt their education and daily lives SECURITY AND SAFETY * Women might not feel physically safe so get alarm system, live closesr to family and friends, feel threatened by ex partner, get an VO * Suffer loss, grief, shock * Parents Without Partners, Lone Fathers Association, Supporting Mothers Groups, Relationships Australia * Same needs as normal families but less flexible Might not feel like a good parent = low self-esteem * Person who got dumped feels rejected, the other feels bad, child can feel like it’s their fault; need to discuss issues and get counselling * Less time so less socialisation = low self-esteem SENSE OF IDENTITY * Isolated, feel different, lost friendship from partner, better for child if they have both parents still sharing responsibilities * Community shouldn’t just all as broke Factor affecting access to resources for sole parents AGE * Age impacts; eg 15 y/o won’ t have the knowledge or about community organisations (or can’t drive to it) such as * Toy libraries * Community support eg Early Childhood Clinic Parents Without Partners; social groups for parents to get together and talk * Child Support Agency; helps parent get parent from the other parent that doesn’t live with them * Lone Fathers Association; support and socialising for single dads * Child Care Centres; parent support and socialising for children * Agencies eg St Vincent de Pauls Societ, Smith Family, Burns Side (for kids), Red Cross, Salvation Army; all offer financial, emotional, physical support for families * There’s local support groups for teenage parents with these difficulties DISABILITY * Harder if child or parent has disability * 16+ disabled child can get Disability Support Pension They can get Mobility Parking Scheme; easier access for shops/medical appointments * Child can access young carer networks to deal with emotional strain if the parent has disability EDUCATION * Education = employment money; higher wages * Use internet for access to educational programs * Might not get education if they have to look after child, or don’t have enough money because they spend it on childcare; Childcare rebate helps * Jobs, Education and Training (JET) = useful to find work, study ETHNICITY/CULTURE * Ethnic families and friends might not support single parenthood; so the parent doesn’t get as much informal support * Language and cultural barriers limits access to community groups GENDER * Most are women so there’s more support out there for women then men LOCATION Urban parents have more community resources; childcare, schools, employments, adult education, support groups * Rural sole parents have more community support; family and friends SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS * High socioeconomic status; own a home, private health insurance and education for children * Low socioeconomic status; disadvantaged area, less recreati onal activities to save money, less informal support services Families in Crisis * Suffers from some kind of trauma; physical, social, emotional, financial * Trauma disturbs their daily life * More demands than resources * Due to natural disaster, death of family members, family breakdown, domestic violenc, alcohol/drug/gambling problems, retrenchment (broke) Needs ACCESS TO SERVICES Informal; family and friends * Centrelink payments; if parent dies there’s bereavement paysments, also for widow allowance. If divorced; family tax benefit, parenting payment, child-care benefit, maternity allowance. A lot for natural disaster. * Crisis from domestic violence; domestic violence line for support. Counselling service for women, also works with women refuges. Domestic volence advocacy serive for fre support and legal advice, solicitors. * Family protection and family crisis services; Relationships Australia gives counselling and assistance. DOCs: child protection and family crisis s ervice if child gets abused or is in danger, also helps families adapt to ocial/economic changes by giving financial support, affordable housing, clothing, emotional support * HOUSING ASSISTANCE ACT 1996: gives funding to people to meet needs if they can’t do it themselves, family can get money to access resources * Addiction problems: Alcoholic Anonymous, self-support for alcoholics that help each other and give hope * Smith Family, vinnies, Mission Australia, Centcare gives welfare support and counselling * A lot don’t use these because they don’t know or have too much pride, informal support is important to direct them there. * But these resources don’t meet the demands EDUCATION * Important that crisis families doesn’t disrupt children’s education * Their only normal aspect of life, focus on study can shift focus from problems * If crisis is from something emotional eg parent divorce, drug/gambling problem than child might have concentra tion problems. Principle should be notified so teachers are nicer and don’t give them hard time at school. * School counsellor helps * Teachers/tutor can give extra help if they fall behind the school work EMPLOYMENT some still work, take leave or resign; depends on crisis or can get leave or holiday if work lets for time to deal with crisis and come back after crisis gets better * eg bushfire burns home; take 6 weeks leave and get financial help * government helps if it’s really bad and they can’t work or get help from employment assistance program * personal support programs helps people find work by helping them get over what’s stopping them from working, give them access to drug or alcohol rehabilitation programs and counselling; free program FINANCIAL SUPPORT * unexpected and sudden crisis means they’re not financially prepared * might need money if their broke or family member dies Centrelink gives Special Benefit payment for people broke due to reasons out of their control, DOCs considers their reasons and says if payment is granted or not * Diaster Relief Payment; short term help for victims of disaster, only if their house or source of income got damaged due to disaster * Exceptional Circumstances Relief Payments; for famers in affected areas that are struggling HEALTH * Stress from crisis is bad for long term health * Chronic stress leads to heart disease, cancer, alcoholism, high blood pressure, ulcers, metnal illness * Physical/emotional health problems from crisis of abuse or addiction; adult should remove themselves or remove the perpetrator HOUSING * Basic need might be at risk/jeopardy due to crisis e. g. : * Have to move out due to domestic violence * Lose home due to fire/earthquake * Can’t afford rent due to retrenchment They all need alternative housing or accommodation * The Supported Accommodation Assistance programs give money to community services that help people in crisis who need accommodatio n (both long term and emergency) and help them get back to independency and get their own home * Community services eg refuges, shelters, halfway houses * Charity organisations give money for housing needs or accommodation SECURITY AND SAFETY * Crisis threatens this important physical and emotional need * Eg violent homes harm physical need; child with domestic violence need help; alwas ill, low self-esteem, nightmares, disruptive at school, think it’s their fault. Need counselling and move family to somewhere safe * Death; family can feel fear, anger, guilty, anxiety, stress; might need professional help * Parent divorce; insecurity because family structure changed, children need help from parents that family changed but there’s still love, don’t make child choose between parents and keep child’s normal routines and discipline SELF-ESTEEM * Disturbed emotional well-being if family lost their home, life savings, family member * Might blame themselves or another family member; gives guilt that reduces their self-esteem * Crisis might make them lose independence, security, sense of belonging; family need each other and need to feel like they still have a good future and get it all back (independence etc) * Bad family members (eg addicts) still need love, professional help, informal support, feel worthwhile and confident to get new job, move on with life etc SENSE OF IDENTITY Family unit might break down and those who leave la ck identity * Some family gets closer and stronger sense of identity * The quicker they overcome it, the less impact it has Factors affecting access to resources for families in crisis AGE * Age impacts ability; eg young people who can’t be independent if parents die, can’t drive or sign contract for loan * Old people can’t deal with crisis without help DISABILITY * Crisis resulting in disability changes family; they’ll need help/carer * Type of disability determines impact of education/employment EDUCATION * Need to know the government and community support available ETHNICITY/CULTURE * Might need help from translator; at major hospitals * Language/cultural barrier; less informal support Racism; Sudanese family can’t get a house to rent due to racist landlord GENDER * Women get help more and have better social support from family/friends LOCATION * Urban families; more access to major hospitals, support groups, employment opportunities * RURAL; co mmunity support SOCIOEONOMIC STATUS * Impacts wellbeing * HIGH; private health insurance and hospitals instead of waiting list, holiday house if theres burns down but can’t get government support due to high assets Socioeconomically disadvantaged * Lack sufficient income for basic needs (health services, food, housing, clothing) that the rest of society can afford * Hard to maintain adequate standard of living * Unemployed, rely on social security Poor due to disability, illness, living in remote area so can’t work and earn good income * Aged, sole parents, migrants, aborigines = at risk of being disadvantaged * Hard to break out of poverty cycle (poor parents raise kids to be poor; in environment that doesn’t foster education, or leave school for work, and get a low status/paying job, marry same social class) Needs ACCESS TO SERVICES * Can’t afford expensive things like private health insurance, specialist doctor care; social activities like holidays, ea ting out, entertainment; cars so rely on public transport; own home or home so need low cost housing, maybe even telephone * Rely on: * Department of Housing * Centrelink * Charity groups (Vinnies, Mission Australia, Smith Family) * Government’s welfare sysyem EDUCATION Most leave school early due to money; part time work, tire at school/can’t keep with work because basic needs aren’t met poor results, difficulty learning, home isn’t the learning environment * High priority because it gives them job with high income, so gov tries to keep them in school with Austudy payment (full time 25+ students), Youth Allowance for 16-24 y/o studying and independent 15y/o. EMPLOYMENT * Unemployed because no education, skills * Unemployed people poorer than those dependent on centrelinK * Usually long term unemployment * Need help to find jobs so government tries using an early intervention strategy; Persoanl Support program, Job Network programs, Literacy and Numeracy programs for people at risk of long term dependence * Centrelink has career counselling FINANCIAL SUPPORT Centrelink often not enough to meet rising cost of living * Youth Allowance; 21 and under unemployed } * Newstart Allowance: 21+ unemployed } enough money to find a job * Mature Age Allowance: 60+ unemployed, but too young for Age Pension * Only have just enough money for needs, can’t save, need help from charity organisations, family, friends * Need help claiming benefits if they can’t read/write * Credit victims because they take loans on credit cards to buy things they don’t ed and end up in debt; buy things due to advertising/marketing persuading them that society needs it to improve standard of living HEALTH * Poor health, more illnesses * Not a top priority under everything else Medicare Levy provides essential medical services but not all, can’t afford private health insurance so end up on long waiting list at oublic hospital * Health Care C ard if on centrelink = cheaper medicine * Health, household, educational, recreational, transport concessions from government HOUSING * Rent assistant and public housing * If they rent or buy a home and spend most of the money on that and only have enough for basic needs, wellbeing is damaged SECURITY AND SAFETY * Physically financially unsafe and insecure * No income security * Poorly protected homes, insecure because they can’t stay there if they can’t afford rent/bills SELF-ESTEEM Poor people can feel undervalues, less dignity and chances to show their true potential, don’t get the same things as society gets = low self-esteem, depressed nervous about financial stress, can’t provide for family = low self-esteem * Need to feel worthwhile members of society, and long-term help, charities help with physical, basic and also emotional needs in increase self worth and give positive state of mind SENSE OF IDENTITY * Poor, unemployed, bad home; question sens e of identity * Society looks down on them so they feel like failures that aren’t accepted. Strategies to overcome sense of failure needed, eg quit what’s making them poor like gambing, drug problems, leave and use family/community support increase self worth, government department community resources give direction and sense of hope Factors that affect access to resources for socioeconomically disadvantaged people AGE Age impacts centrelink payments that are age based and knowledge about accessing those payments other support services DISABILITY * Disability limits education and hence high earning jobs EDUCATION * Youth Allowance helps them finish their studies * Private schools offer scholarships * Children leave school early for work and income ETHNICITY/CULTURE * Ethnic people know less about community resources to help their health, financial, employment, educational needs * Language and cultural barrier limits informal support GENDER * Women get less further ed ucation and employment due to gender role; eg sole parents, chronically ill, cultural groups LOCATION Urban have less access to resources like welfare groups, employment support, public transport, hospitals * Rural community have more informal support SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS * Status causes disadvantages, overcome by youth allowance, rental assistance, health cares, free literacy and numeracy courses Chronically ill * Ill for an extended period of time, because it’s continuous or reoccurring * Can get more serious and fatal * Can impact physically, emotionally, intellectually, socially, spiritually * Eg asthma, arthritis, diabetes mental illness, hypertension, emphysema, hay fever, back and neck problems, irritable bowel syndrome NEEDS ACCESS TO SERVICES * Rely on health professionals (doctors, surgeons, etc) Some can’t afford it, rely on public health system but there’s long waiting period and lists * Might not get coverage straight away of even be eligible for it if they were already ill * Can use home health care, respite care centrelinks EDUCATION * Same right to education as everyone else, but might have more absences * Special provisions at school, uni, tafe * School at some children’s hospitals; work sent to them * Education satisfied intellectual well-being, takes focus away from illness * Education about their illness makes them understand it more and control it, eg asthma avoids pollen EMPLOYMENT * Most work give sick leave with full pay, partial pay or no pay * Some can work from home * Might lose job if they over use their sick days * Hard to get another job with high absenteeism Some don’t interfere with job cause they can be controlled, eg diabetes * Worksafe Australia makes safety standards to prevent injury and disease * Legally protected (SW Workers Compensation Act 1987) gives workers compensation if there ill from work FINANCIAL SUPPORT * Chronic illness needs costly ongoing medical treatment, Have to change h ome and hard to keep job financial burden * Temporary sickness allowance for employed and sick people, need medical certificate * Centrelink: mobility allowance for people whose sickness prevents them using public transport * Government gives Medicare and Health Care Card to reduce financial burden HEALTH * Bad health might reduce their quality of life * Daily health affected by medication or treatments eg chemotherapy * Prevented or improved by control of diet and lifestyle choices HOUSING Financial burden might lower their housing standards; have to live in a poor area, struggle * House might need help for the ill eg ramps, handrails to meet there needs * Need there own room especially for extra sleep SECURITY AND SAFETY * Have to feel secure and safe in whatever environment; home or hospital * Positive and supportive environment if they feel depressed * Good communication with carer so they work together to reach common goal of better health * Need more love and support for their insecurity and powerlessness * Might change lifestyle for better health, eg diet and house changes eg handrails both to improve safety SELF ESTEEM Might get physical changes eg weight gain or loss, skin problems; negatively change their body image and wellbeing, lose independence low self esteem. So they should be treated like their capable, important members of society so they don’t feel useless and lonely SENSE OF IDENTITY * Depends on illness if it stops work, sport, social family life so they lose sense of identity * Can still manage illness and live life to the max FACTORS AFFECTING ACCESS TO RESOURCES FOR CHRONICALLY ILL AGE * Chronic illness more likely as you get older DISABLITY * Chronic illness can be with or made worse with disability like arthritis * They can get Disability Support Pension or Mobility Parking Scheme * Can use patient transport operated from ambulance service or get taxi allowance EDUCATION Need to know about their illness; its treatment and medic ation, support groups, new research and treatment, through internet; but can get wrong diagnosis * Internet increases access to social support, good if they don’t leave the house ETHNICITY/CULTURE * Language and culture can be barrier to understanding info and getting treatment, so harder to get health resources in community of centrelink benefits GENDER * Women more confident in getting services like doctors/counselling LOCATION * Rural have less access to health resources;major hospitals, support groups SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS * Impacts access to treatment and services * HIGH; private health insurance and hospitals, can get surgery overseas instead of being on waiting list Cultural groups; e. g. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Culture impacts lifestyle; diet, dress, language, social activities * Differs needs, wants, values, goals * Can be good but also draws lines and discrimination eg Aboriginals, Greeks, Italians, Lebanese Muslims, Tongans, Pacific Islanders, Jewish c ommunity, Asians, Sudanese * Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander; members of the indigenous community, indigenous meaning ‘first people’ NEEDS ACCESS TO SERVICES * Need services that have experience in dealing with different cultures; interpreters at most government departments * Can learn new language at schools, community centres for immigrants * Cultural groups value spiritual programs in their own language * Indigenous might be in remote area so hard to get support EDUCATION Need education to improve language skills for interaction with community, find and use resources, get qualifications to find employment * Indigenous have a greater risk of academic failure and dropping out of school, nee to learn about their customs and the available government funding provisions EMPLOYMENT * Employment means money, but cultural groups that come from overseas with overseas qualification or no qualification can find it hard to secure employment if they don’t speak the sa me language as their work/clients FINANCIAL SUPPORT * Might need help to finish Centrelink paperwork * Abstudy: for Indigenous people at school 14+, makes them stay in school so they can get a job * Indigenous people need support to get affordable housing, basic needs; government assistance provided HEALTH Different groups have different health issues; Indigenous have diabetes, Jews have hereditary condition Tay Sachs disease * Indigenous have lower life expectancy because of their poor health care and nutrition; need to improve health and education, government aims at this HOUSING * Cultural groups usually live closer together, so the similar culture gives sense of belonging and support. Language barriers with rest of community. * Aged usually live with family and don’t want to move with nursing home because of cultural/language barrier * Indigenous = need support services to get affordable and safe living standards SECURITY AND SAFETY * Needed in community; some groups are scared and scarred from history and experience of violence. Some might experience racism for their differences, which is protected by the Anti-Discrimination Act * Risky behaviour and preventative measures = more and longer survival, better wellbeing SELF-ESTEEM * Pride in their culture, culture adds diversity to food, dance, music, costumes; gives them self-esteem to belong in that group * More academic achievement, employment, increase in health and nutrition, helps with emotional and social wellbeing SENSE OF IDENTITY * Sense of identity in their heritage and traditions; pride in culture brings sense of idenitity * Eg greek men brough up to be providers of families, New Zealanders have sporting pride, Fijians are devout Christians; ig part of the identity * Indigenous = learning programs teach about their traditional customs FACOTS AFFECTING ACCESS TO RESOURCES FOR CULTURAL GROUPS AGE * Certain groups traditionally give more respect to the aged; eg Indigenous, Japanese * Some nee d nursing homes that cater for their background, others forget English and only speak their original language so limits communication and understanding with family, friends * Indigenous = Abstudy is aged based DISABILITY * Some cultures get it more; eg Sudanese get physical disabilities from their home country atrocities. Handital; formal support for disabled Italians and their carers. Organisations for specific cultures in their community EDUCATION * For employment and income * Programs for education: Multicultural community centres with employment and training programs * Saturday School of Community Languages for young people to learn and speak native language * Tutor at school and uni for Indigenous students ETHNICITY/CULTURE * Formal resources for groups to meet needs, eg schools, nursing homes, community centres, hospitals * Centrelink has multilingual publications in different languages, and call centres. Makes them understand and use services GENDER * Impacts roles and respon sibilities, eg men are providers LOCATION * Cultural group lives close together and closer to community support. * Rural cultural people get socially isolated, especially with language barriers SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS * Varies with individuals; Indigenous have lower due to low education and employment