Dbq on the Medical Field During the 18th Century Essay Example for Free

Dbq on the Medical Field During the 18th Century Essay The medical field during the eighteenth century was comprised of unsanitary, heinous, and uncustomary practices, such as blood letting, trepanation, and the overcrowding of hospitals. Even though these practices didn’t help in the development of the medical field, there were auspicious practices that were beneficial, such as midwifery, ingrafting, and faith in God. Midwifery, during the 1700’s, was one of the most womanized practices of the century. To get the help of a male midwife was a belittlement to the female midwife and it was also a way of disparaging midwifery (Document 2). Also, midwives were expected to obtain the knowledge of caring for and to the skills for the well-being of women in labor(Document 2). While the conditions of a woman giving birth improved dramatically, so did the reputation of midwifery. Ingrafting was one of the most cogent inventions in medicine in the eighteenth century. Diseases as contagious and fatal as the smallpox were almost eliminated with the invention of ingrafting (Document 3). This procedure was so advantageous that Lady Montagu, an English writer, was â€Å"well satisfied of the safety of the experiment,† that she intended to try it on her own son (Document 3). Ingrafting has also evolved into vaccines that now can cure and treat malignant ailments like the flu and cowpox. Faith in God was a way for people to have mental support for their ailments, even though it didn’t cure or treat any ailment, people still turned to God for aspiration. Many people still believe in the power of prayer and in the power of faith to relieve them of illnesses. This is best stated by William Buchan, an Edinburgh physician, because his statement that the Christian religion teach that, â€Å"the sufferings of this life are designed to prepare us for a future state of happiness. †(Document 7) Medical practices, such as midwifery, ingrafting, and faith in God, of the eighteenth century not only advanced to the benefit of the overall health of the people, but also led to the more advanced practices used today. Although these practices were basic, they are the vital parts of the development of medicine.

Free Essays - Comparing Young Goodman Brown and Soldier’s Home :: comparison compare contrast essays

Young Goodman Brown:   Going Home    My home is my haven and the place that I feel the safest and most comfortable at. It is where many good memories and feelings arise and I am able to be myself with no false pretenses. It is my â€Å"Home Sweet Home† yet the stories â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† by Nathaniel Hawthorne, and â€Å"Soldier’s Home,† by Ernest Hemingway show a different attitude about home going and the effects it has on the main characters.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Hawthorne’s story, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† Goodman Brown ventures on a journey into the forest and refuses the temptations of the devil. Unfortunately though, throughout the night, Brown finds out more than he ever wanted to know about how his fellow Puritan townsmen, including his wife, have betrayed their faith by giving into their dark desires. In utter despair, Goodman Brown returns at dawn to his Salem village â€Å"staring around him like a bewildered man.† (Hawthorne, pg.275) He doesn’t believe it is the same place as it was the night before and he no longer feels at home. Whether his experiences were real or not, his faith is gone and he feels as though he is the only pure one. He suffers tremendous guilt and discomfort and trusts no one. His excessive pride is evident when he takes a child away from a blessing given by Goody Cloyse, his former catechism teacher, as if he were taking the child â⠂¬Å"from the fiend himself.† (Hawthorne, pg.276) His distrust and resentment towards his townsmen is apparent when he sees his wife, Faith. She is overwhelmed with joy to see him arrive home yet he looked â€Å"sternly and sadly into her face and passed on without a greeting.† (Hawthorne, pg.276) All that he learned in the night was too much for him, and it changed a devoted husband with bright hopes and a wife whom he loved, to a tired, beaten, questioning and almost faithless man.       Harold Krebs in Hemingway’s â€Å"Soldier’s Home,† returns from World War I to a society that he no longer feels a part of and receives no welcome for his heroic deeds. He resents being home which is largely due to the fact, that during the war he led a very simple lifestyle and upon returning home is thrust back into a complicated domestic life.   He tries to seek refuge by withdrawing from society and engages himself in individual activities.

Maya Angelou Essay

During this class period you need to complete the following essay. Please type it and use proper formatting. The stories are all posted on your Edline page under assignments. You do NOT need the internet for ANY OTHER REASON. When you have completed the essay you need to do the FRED book assignment below. Comparing Texts Author Study: Maya Angelou Writing a Response to Literature: Biographical Approach Maya Angelou has remarked, â€Å"I’m always inspired by men and women who rise†¦That ability to rise is nobleness of the human spirit.† Write an essay in which you analyze Angelou’s beliefs about the human spirit, as reflected in the four works you just read. Before you begin, consider what Angelou has to say about her work: â€Å"I speak to the black experience, but I am always talking about the human condition—about what we can endure, dream, fail at, and still survive.† Writing Your Essay As you plan, draft, and revise your essay, keep the following tips in mind: †¢In the introduction, or the beginning of your essay, include a specific thesis statement that presents the key point you will prove in your essay. †¢Support your ideas with evidence from the four selections. Be sure to analyze how Angelou’s tone and use of stylistic devices contribute to the expression of her themes or main ideas. †¢Make sure that every paragraph has unity and coherence. All the sentences in the paragraph should relate to one main idea and help develop that idea. †¢End your essay with a conclusion in which you summarize your main points. Include a new, but related, closing insight or reflection. Create a one-page document that shows you have understood the book with the 2 parts below: †¢Part 1: First, think of the symbols in the book. Then, find pictures using â€Å"Google images† or â€Å"Clip Art† and paste them into the document. Then give a 1-2 sentence reason for the symbol. †¢Part 2: Write a book review. Make sure you convince me you have read it thoroughly! It should be no more than 1-2 paragraphs. (If you do not finish in class, send to me via email before the end of the day! vocabqueenb@gmail.com)

Climate Change Caused By Humans - 1077 Words

Anthropogenic climate chance can simply be translated to climate change caused by humans. The difference between natural and human inflicted climate change is obvious to common man. 800,000 years ago we were not experiencing the modern problems we are facing. There is plenty of evidence to prove that this is not some made up theory. Observations continue to show the average rising of the global air and ocean temperatures. Not only the temperatures contribute, but the melting of snow and ice is climbing globally. 2005 and 2010 were two of the warmest years in this century, however the most noticeable warmings have taken place in Alaska and the West. Along with those places, the warming is having a dramatic impact of the polar regions as well. Both Greenland and Antarctica ice sheets have lost huge amounts of ice. Climate isn t weather. Weather is day to day while climate is over periods of time. Climate is always changing and before humans were here to pollute the earth, climate change was caused by natural things. However science data shows that over the past half century is fault of the human population. When we pollut greenhouse gases are released into the atmosphere. These gases are carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, methane, water vapor, and nitrous oxide. The most important of all the greenhouse gases is the carbon dioxide. It is long term. While some of the carbon dioxide that is in the atmosphere is natural, most of it is not. Over the past 250 years half of theShow MoreRelatedClimate Change Is Caused By Humans1339 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Tatom Climate 1. Climate is the weather conditions that are happening in certain areas for a long period of time. The climate has an affect on everything that is living on this planet. Right now the Earth is experiencing climate change. Climate change is when the temperature and weather conditions of the Earth are changing. Climate change is something that has been naturally occurring on the Earth for millions of years, but right now we are experiencing the most rapid climate change the EarthRead MoreClimate Change Caused By Humans2227 Words   |  9 PagesAfter decades of studies and impacts becoming more significant, people from every society should unite in their stand on climate change in order to clearly communicate stimulating pieces of information that lead to definite actions in addressing environmental problems. Climate change poses a problem whose consequences are global. In 2006, above average temperatures were recorded throughout the world for the 30th consecutive year. Increasing average temperatures are melting glaciers and polar iceRead MoreClimate Change Is Caused By Human Activities1617 Words   |  7 Pagesnatural and human activities both contribute to climate change, human activities are causing far more detrimental consequences to the Earth that may lead to serious damage if action is not taken. Evidence of this is plentiful and can be found is numerous studies of past climates, empirical data of the current climate, and scientific predictions of potential future climates. It is important to recognize what is, and what causes, climate change. Throughout Earth’s extensive history the climate has naturallyRead MoreClimate Change Is Caused By Human Activities1975 Words   |  8 Pagesto the new Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2013, in Southeast Asia, temperature has been increasing at a rate of 0.14 to 0.20 degree Celsius per decade since the 1960s while rainfall from extreme rain days has increased by 10 millimeters per decade. Both of these increments are caused by climate change. In addition to increase of temperature and extreme precipitations, climate change also increases landslides, exacerbates soil erosion, causes floodingRead MoreWhat Role Has Human Activity Played in Causing Climate Change?678 Words   |  3 PagesThe change in global climate is the most powerful problem that currently occurs on the earth. The problems of climate change may be caused by both of human activities and natura l events. Climate change is the changes that affect the world’s weather, including shifts in temperature, ocean level, land, and precipitation. The climate change phenomenon can affect everything in the world not only natural environment, but also human society, and the world economy. This essay aims to evaluate the role ofRead MoreDifference Between Anthropogenic Climate Change And Natural Climate Variability1444 Words   |  6 PagesDifference between Anthropogenic Climate Change, and Natural Climate Variability. Hugonette Theron Geography: Climatology 28662334 â€Æ' Table of Content Introduction 1.) Natural Climate Variability 1.1. Extensive Definition of Natural Climate Variability 1.2. Causes of Natural Climate Variability 2.) Anthropogenic Climate Change 2.1. Detailed Definition of Anthropogenic Climate Change 2.2. Causes of Anthropogenic Climate Change 2.3. Impact of Human Activities on the Climate Change Conclusion â€Æ' IntroductionRead MoreEnvironmental Ethics Issues1048 Words   |  4 Pages Climate change is one of the biggest and controversial issues facing the world today. Climate change refers to the change in climate which can be attributed directly or not directly to human activity which alters the composition of the global atmosphere. Climate change is a problem that needs to be addressed. If climate change is not addressed, there will be an increase in higher temperatures, and with the increase in higher temperatures, the oceans will rise, and this will affect the vegetationRead MoreThe Effects Of Climate Change On The Environment1445 Words   |  6 Pagescooler climates all are impacts of increasing temperatures that are happening right now. Within the next century, sea levels will rise 7 - 23 inches, Storms will become much stronger, floods/droughts will become more common, and many, many other negative environmental changes (Cook). These changes in the environment have been the topic of debate for decades, but has become more and more common over the past fe w years. On one side of the debate, there are the people who believe climate changeRead MoreThe Effects Of Fossil Fuels On The Environment1734 Words   |  7 Pagesalternative routes or ability to make change. In consort with President Obama, many scientists believe the point of no return could occur if significant efforts aren’t made soon. Anthropogenic (human influenced) activities in comparison to natural influences have more of an impact on the environment. Since the industrial era carbon concentrations in the atmosphere have increased by thirty percent. The burning of fossil fuels and deforestation are the two largest human caused contributors to high carbon concentrationRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On Our Planet s Ecosystem1173 Words   |  5 PagesMother Earth is burning as we speak; humanity has killed our precious Earth. Global-warming is a vicious killer that was created by the humans on this Earth, and there s no way to cure it. We, as humans, have the power to cleanse the Earth, but instead we destroy it. Heat is absorbed by carbon dioxide and greenhouse gases. A greenhouse gas absorbs thermal radiation emitted by the Earth s surface. As the sun s energy reaches the Earth’s surface, some of it is released into space, some is absorbed

How to Work With Arrays Declaring and Initializing

If a program needs to work with a number of values of the same data type, you could declare a variable for each number. For example, a program that displays lottery numbers: int lotteryNumber1 16; int lotteryNumber2 32; int lotteryNumber3 12; int lotteryNumber4 23; int lotteryNumber5 33; int lotteryNumber6 20; A more elegant way of dealing with values which can be grouped together is to use an array. An array is a container that holds a fixed number of values of a data type. In the above example, the lottery numbers could be grouped together in an int array: int[] lotteryNumbers {16,32,12,23,33,20}; Think of an array as a row of boxes. The number of boxes in the array cannot change. Each box can hold a value as long as it is of the same data type as the values contained within the other boxes. You can look inside a box to see what value it contains or replace the contents of the box with another value. When talking about arrays, the boxes are called elements. Declaring and Initializing an Array The declaration statement for an array is similar to the one used to declare any other variable. It contains the data type followed by the name of the array - the only difference is the inclusion of square brackets next to the data type: int[] intArray; float[] floatArray; char[] charArray; The declaration statements above tell the compiler thatintArrayvariable is an array of ints, floatArrayis an array of floatsand charArrayis an array of chars. Like any variable, they cannot be used until it has been initialized by assigning it a value. For an array the assignment of a value to an array must define the size of an array: intArray new int[10]; The number inside the brackets defines how many elements the array holds. The above assignment statement creates an int array with ten elements. Of course, theres no reason why the declaration and assignment cant happen in one statement: float[] floatArray new float[10]; Arrays are not limited to primitive data types. Arrays of objects can be created: String[] names new String[5]; Using an Array Once an array has been initialized the elements can have values assigned to them by using the arrays index. The index defines the position of each element in the array. The first element is at 0, the second element at 1 and so on. Its important to note that the index of the first element is 0. Its easy to think that because an array has ten elements that the index is from 1 to 10 instead of from 0 to 9. For example, if we go back to the lottery numbers example we can create an array containing 6 elements and assign the lottery numbers to the elements: int[] lotteryNumbers new int[6]; lotteryNumbers[0] 16; lotteryNumbers[1] 32; lotteryNumbers[2] 12; lotteryNumbers[3] 23; lotteryNumbers[4] 33; lotteryNumbers[5] 20; There is a shortcut to filling elements in an array by putting the values for the elements in the declaration statement: int[] lotteryNumbers {16,32,12,23,33,20}; String[] names {John, James, Julian, Jack, Jonathon}; The values for each element is placed inside a pair of curly brackets. The order of the values determines which element is assigned the value starting with index position 0. The number of elements in the array is determined by the number of values inside the curly brackets. To get the value of an element its index is used: System.out.println(The value of the first element is lotteryNumbers[0]); To find out how many elements an array has use the length field: System.out.println(The lotteryNumbers array has lotteryNumbers.length elements); Note: A common mistake when using the length method is to forget is to use the length value as an index position. This will always result in an error as the index positions of an array are 0 to length - 1. Multidimensional Arrays The arrays we have been looking at so far are known as one-dimensional (or single dimensional) arrays. This means they only have one row of elements. However, arrays can have more than one dimension. A multidimensional is actually an array that contains arrays: int[][] lotteryNumbers {{16,32,12,23,33,20},{34,40,3,11,33,24}}; The index for a multidimensional array consists of two numbers: System.out.println(The value of element 1,4 is lotteryNumbers[1][4]); Although the length of the arrays contained within a multidimensional array do not have to be the same length: String[][] names new String[5][7]; Copying an Array To copy an array the easiest way is to use thearraycopymethod of the System class. The arraycopymethod can be used to copy all the elements of an array or a subsection of them. There are five parameters passed to the arraycopymethod - the original array, the index position to start copying​ an  element from, the new array, the index position to start inserting from, the number of elements to copy: public static void arraycopy(Object src, int srcPos, Object dest, int destPos, int length) For example, to create a new array containing the last four elements of anint array: int[] lotteryNumbers {16,32,12,23,33,20}; int[] newArrayNumbers new int[4]; System.arraycopy(lotteryNumbers, 2, newArrayNumbers, 0, 4); As arrays are a fixed length thearraycopymethod can be a useful way to change the size of an array. To further your knowledge about arrays you can learn about manipulating arrays using the Arrays class and making dynamic arrays (i.e., arrays when the number of elements is not a fixed number) using the ArrayList class.

Essay on The Temple of Athena Nike - 993 Words

The Temple of Athena Nike exemplifies the early Greek belief that the gods, specifically Athena, held divine providence over government and victory in war. It was built as part of the same project as the Parthenon, one of the greatest achievements of Mycenaean Greece. Lasting from 1300-1000 B.C.E, Mycenaean Greece bordered Epirus, Macedonia, Phrace, Phryapa, Mysia, Caria, and Lydia. Encompassing this time span, Ancient Greece lasted from 8000 to 50 B.C.E. The achievements of Athens in this time include the Pythagorean Theorem and the Socratic dialogues. The epic Trojan War was said to have occurred in Mycenaean times as well. So were the Ionic Greeks who built this ancient temple. (Ancient-Greece.org)(about ancient history.com) In the†¦show more content†¦His statue adorns Kolokotroni Square. In front of Old Parliament, this equestrian statues location symbolizes his celebration atop a hill. Another similarity of these two structures is their open air feel, which reflects th e motives of Ancient Greek democracy, as is shown in its open meetings where freedom of speech was upheld. Such are the Temple of Athena Nikes connections with government and warfare. (Calvin, Calvin.edu)(Watterson, 25) The Temple of Athena Nike was built where it is for various strategic and religious reasons. Pericles rebuilt it as part of an effort to increase morale and renew culture during wartime. It was built over a previous temple to Athena, which was used for similar things. Utilized continuously by Bronze Age Greeks, the temple also served as a military base. References to Nike, the goddess of victory, also strengthened the luck associated with this structure and, therefore, its appeal as a fort. It also was arranged to face an altar to the east. Furthermore, the location affected the use of stone, as the natural shapes and quality of local marble inspired the Doric and Ionic orders. Thus, the Ancient Greeks had reasons for placing the Temple of Athena Nike where it still stands today. (Ancient-Greece.org)(Reidel, Brown.edu) How and by whom was the Temple of Athena NikeShow MoreRelatedAthens, The Polis And The High Classical Period877 Words   |  4 Pa gesimportant building in the city and it self replaced on older temple of Athena, which called Pre-Parthenon. It was built and completed in 438 B.C buy Iktinos and Kallikrates, after that destroyed by Persian in 480 B.C. The Temple all made form marble and its 20 miles far from Athens. Later it burned with fire and turned it into a church in the 6th century. Next important building and the first building in Acropolis was Temple of Athena Nike (Nike Apteros/wingless Victory)it replace an earlier Shire, itRead MoreThe Acropolis Of Athens And Athens Essay1592 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Neolithic and Mycenaean ages, the residents chose to live there because it was fairly easy to defend since they could see all of the land around it for miles. After centuries of living on the Acropolis, many buildings and structures relating to Athena, the Greek Goddess of wisdom, war, and craft, were designed to help protect the city. However, these complexes were demolished numerous times in the early 400’s BCE by the Persians. Once the Acropolis and the city of Athens were ruled by PericlesRead MoreThe Athenian Agora, Kerimeikos And The Acropolis1740 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom which the word ceramic is derived, and was also the site of an important cemetery and numerous funerary sculptures erected around the area. The Acropolis had many major buildin gs, the most prominent of them being the Parthenon and the Temple of Athena Nike. An evaluation of primary and secondary literary sources gives insight into the main purposes of the buildings and the art within such as pottery and sculptures found within the context of these sites. To an extent the art and architectureRead MoreArchitechture of Fredericton: Ionic and Corinthian Orders1184 Words   |  5 Pagessimilarities in their capitals. The Aeolic capital has scrolling volutes that appear to be later mimicked in the Ionic style (Lawrence 1957, 131). Precursor forms aside, the earliest surviving structures with clearly defined Ionic features are the temples of Hera at Samos and Artemis at Ephesus from the 6th century BC (Lawrence 1957, 132). These characteristics would become a regular sight in Greek architecture. There are many features that define the Ionic order. These range from bases and columnsRead MoreAncient Greece : The Greatest Civilization Of The Ancient World Essay1231 Words   |  5 PagesPersians, the Acropolis was the ideal site to reconstruct the most important buildings for the Greeks, the temples. â€Å" In Fact, where the Akropolis temples were being rebuilt, some of the marble column drums spoiled in the fire were used in rebuilding the parapet walls; symbols of the victory of the Greeks and perpetual visual evidence of their military spiritual superiority.† Although the Greek temples were for public function, entering the buildings was reserved for selected individuals and priests.Read MoreAthenian Acropolis Paper1340 Words   |  6 Pagesarchitect Mnesikles. At the front right side of the Propylaia, there is an Ionic building named the Temple of the Athena Nike designed by Kallikrates. A great statue of Athena created by Phidias, was originally stood in the cen ter. To the right of where this sculpture was, there is the Parthenon. The architects that carried out this building were Iktinos and Kallikrates. The Parthenon is a Doric temple, which was designed with slight corrections in order to counteract the optical effects of perspective;Read MoreComparing Ancient Greek and Ancient Roman Architecture Essay1132 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Corinthian columns more than the Greeks did and they were the one that came up with them. Each order could be found in many different parts of ancient Greece. The columns were put into use by creating ancient temples. Since Greek life was mainly focused around religion, their temples were very big and beautiful (â€Å"Ancient Greece† 1). The Doric order were rather sturdy and the top of the column was very plain. The Doric order was mainly seen in the mainland of Greece and in colonies in SouthernRead MoreThe Position Of Greece At The Crossroads Between Africa, Asia, And Europe Essay2390 Words   |  10 Pagesof Greek religions or cults in the plural, though most of them shared similarities.Many of the ancient Greek people recognized the major (Olympian) gods and goddesses (Zeus, Poseidon, Hades, Apollo, Artemis, Aphrodite, Ares, Dionysus, Hephaestus, Athena, Hermes, Demeter, Hestia, and Hera), although philosophies such as Stoicism and some forms of Platonism used language that seems to posit a transcendent single deity. Different cities often worshiped the same deities, sometimes with epithets thatRead MoreAthenas Impact on the Lives of Ancient Greeks Essay1027 Words   |  5 PagesAthena was the Greek Goddess of many ideas, but she was famous mostly for her superior wisdom, her cunning skills in times of war, and her implausible talent for household tasks, such as weaving and pottery. She was celebrated more than any other God in ancient mythology, was the supposed inventor of countless innovations, and her figure gave reason for Greek woman to gain rights long before others of their time. The goddess of war, the guardian of Athens, and the defender of Heroes; Athena’s impactRead MoreAthens : City Of Athens945 Words   |  4 PagesAthens, is the most important site in the city of Athens. They call it â€Å"Sacred Rock† because there are many Greek gods’ temples. A lot of city-states in Greece had acropolises but the most famous one is in Athens. It is home to one of the most famous buildings in the world, the Parthenon. It also had other temples and sanctuaries. Its focus was for the Athenian festival for Athena, which was the Panathenaia. There were three different building stylizations in Greece. However, the buildings on the acropolis

Report On Strategic Framework of Restaurants-Samples for Student

Question: Critically analyze two (2) strategic frameworks full service restaurant managers and owners can apply and assess the potential challenges in operationalzing their strategy. Answer: Introduction The report is based on the analysis of two strategic frameworks that can be used the owners and the managers of the restaurants to increase their business and profitability. The strategic frameworks that are present for the purpose of implementation in any kind of business are many in number. The choice of the right strategy for a particular business is the most important part of the implementation process of the business. The restaurant business is an integral part of the hospitality industry. The restaurant environment is quite tough as the working hours are long in this case and the work is also tedious (Lee, Kim Park, 2012). The restaurant or the hospitality industry has many opportunities of growth, however, the most important part of this growth process are the customers of the restaurants. The satisfaction of the customers helps in the growth of the restaurants. This process can be completed with the help of certain strategies implemented by the restaurant owners or the managers. The implementation of the right strategy is important for the growth of the restaurant. There are steps involved in the choice of the right strategic framework for the success of the restaurant. The first involves the analysis of the need for a strategic framework in the restaurant and further choosing the right strategy (Gobble, 2012). The next step involves the application of the chosen strategic framework on the goals of the organization and analysing the way each of the goals fit with the strategic framework that is chosen. Finally, the entire plan that has been made for the implementation of the strategic framework is analysed and the balance of the goals is measured on an overall basis. The two strategic frameworks required by restaurant managers and owners The two strategic frameworks that are suitable for the managers or the owners of the restaurants are Porters Five Force Model and the VRIO framework. Explanation of the Porters five forces model with respect to restaurants The Porters five force model is used for the purpose of creating and maintaining the competitive advantage of the organization. This tool helps managers to analyse the environment where the organization is operating. The restaurant managers can use this tool to analyse their competitors and also develop strategies to counter them. As discussed by Srivastava, Franklin Martinette, (2013), the Porters Five Force model helps in identifying five forms of pressure within a particular sector including, competitors in the market, new entries in the market, products that act as substitutes of the products of the particular company, power of the suppliers to bargain, power of the customers to bargain. This model is applied to the restaurant sector and this can help the managers as well as the owners to increase the profitability of the restaurant. Rivalry in the market As discussed by McLay, (2014) the rivalry of between the organizations in the market is the most important force of the Porters five force model. The level of the rivalry between the organizations is an important factor that determines the pressure of the competition. The industry is considered to be a disciplined industry if the level of the competition between the organizations is low. The high level of competition in the market results in the extreme rivalry between the organizations. The amount of the conflict in the market is affected by some characteristics of the particular industry as discussed further. The more number of organizations of the same kind in the market increases the competition between the organizations. The growth of the market in which the organizations are operating results in the fight of the firms for acquiring their share in the market. The reason behind this is the opportunity that a growing market can provide to the firms (Hacklin Wallnfer, 2012). The fixed costs and the costs of operating in a particular market is another that increases the competition. The higher the fixed costs of operating in the market, the greater is the competition between the firms. The low level of switching and less difference between the products in the same industry increases the level of rivalry as well. The barriers related to the exit of a product and the rivals who are diverse in nature increases the competition in the market as well. The growth of an industry encourages more and more entries into the market. This further increases the number of firms in the same industry and the level of competition also increases. The service sector is the fastest growing in the recent times (Sohel, Rahman Uddin, 2014). This has led to the entry of many organizations in the market. The restaurant sector is also a part of it and is growing in the same pace. This has developed huge competition and rivalry among the organizations in this indu stry. Supplier power - As discussed by Nasri Zarai, (2013), the suppliers are an important factor for any type of restaurant The suppliers have the power to decide the price of the raw materials that are required by the restaurants. The cost of the raw materials decides the ultimate price of the products of the restaurants. The restaurant industry is considered to be in the service sector. The services provided in the restaurants are directly dependent on the prices decided by the suppliers of that restaurant. The other main factor that affects this sector is the power of the staff or the labour. The costs associated with the labour of the restaurants is another important factor that affects its operations. The power of the supplier is more if the number of suppliers of any particular product is less in the market and the costs related to the switching of the suppliers is more. This situation makes the suppliers much more powerful. On the other hand, if there is more competition for the s uppliers in the market, the restaurant owner can get more chance of bargaining with the suppliers and increase their profitability. Power of the buyers The customers of the restaurant are considered to be the buyers of the services provided by the restaurant owners. The power of the customers influences the operations and profitability of the restaurants. The customers are more powerful if the same type of services are provided by many restaurants in the same sector. The customer has the power to choose and this determines the profitability of the organization. On the other hand, if the number of restaurants are less in the same sector the customer has less choice and hence the prices can be controlled by the restaurant owners. The prices are regulated by the choice of the customers if they have more choices of restaurants (Gassmann, Frankenberger Csik, 2014). The power of the buyer to set the price is more if the competition is less and the power of the buyers is less if the competition is more. Threats related to the substitutes The third force in the Porters five force model is the threat that is posed to the restaurant owners due to the presence of their substitutes. The availability of the substitutes contributes to the changes in the cost related to the service of the restaurants. The threat related to the substitutes is more prevalent if the demand of the particular service changes with the change in the price of that service. The price elasticity of the services is affected by the substitutes available in the market. The increase in the substitutes of the service increases the demand for that service as well (Cardeal Antonio, 2012). The reason being the availability of that service is more in the market. The closest substitute of a particular restaurant, for example in the same cuisine, contributes in the change in the prices of the services of that restaurant. The threats related to the substitutes of a particular company that endangers the competition of that orga nization arises from outer industries. The substitute related threat affects the industry in terms of the competition related to the prices of the service provided by the organization. This regulates the prices that will be decided by the owners of the restaurants. Threat related to new entrants in the market The entry of new organizations in the market is another threat for the particular firm that is taken into consideration. The new entries in the market have an effect on the level of competition between the organizations. However, there are many barriers related to the entry of the new firms. The barriers to the entry in the market are the factors that define the characteristics of the industry itself (Harrington, Ottenbacher Way, 2013). The rate of the entry of the fresh organizations is reduced due to the barriers that are present in the market. This helps the old firms to maintain their profit levels. This theory holds true for the restaurant or service industry as well. The different types of barriers as discussed by Bernhardt, Mays Hall, (2012), are as discussed further. The barriers in the market are related to the policies made by the government. The policies made by the government sometimes restricts the entry of the new organiza tions. Government can also try to create monopolies for a particular organization in some industries. This restricts the entry of new competition in the market. However, in case of the service sector monopoly market is not created by the government, although the regulations of the government can differ in different places. The patents or copyrights that are required for the new organizations can also act as a barrier to their entry in the market. The ideas and the knowledge that helps an organization to create competitive advantage is used as the private property of the organization that cannot be used by any other organization. This also creates a barrier for the new organization. In case of the service sector the ideas related to the different cuisine styles or the dcor of the restaurants are used as the patents of the particular restaurant, which creates an advantage for that restaurant. As argued by, Booi-Chen Peik-Foong, (2012), the need of the resources for a particular organ ization is another barrier for its entry. The problem occurs for the organizations where the specialized equipments are required which cannot be traded for any other products if the idea of the business does not work. In the restaurants also specialized equipments may be required for different types of cooking purposes, which cannot be used for any other purposes if the business fails. The other barriers in the industry are related to the exit of any particular organization from the market. The exit barriers are related to the difficulty of exit due to the assets which are not easily saleable, the high cost of the exit is also a barrier (Haghighi et al., 2012). Fig 1. (Lee, Kim Park, 2012) VRIO Analysis The framework of the VRIO Analysis is used to examine the business based on the strategic scheme. The vision statement of a particular organization is related to its strategic scheme. VRIO analysis is used an internal analysis tool for a particular organization. As discussed by, Lin et al., (2012), the first part of the VRIO analysis is based on the Value factor of the firm. This part helps in analysing the value of the resource for the organization. The investigation is based on the factor that whether the resource that is provided is able to use the opportunity that is available and also whether it is able to counter the threat that is posed towards the organization. The value factor is considered to be the strength of the company if it is able to conduct the above mentioned activities (Heo et al., 2013). There are many opportunities in the market that can be used by the organizations to increase their value. The opportunities include, change in the technologies related to the industry, the changes in the demography of the target market of the firm, the changes in the culture of the target market. The other opportunities include, the changes in the economy, events related to the industry of which the organization is a part and the politica l and the legal conditions of the industry (Knott, 2015). The value of the organization can be detected effectively from the value chain of the organization. The second part of the VRIO analysis is the rarity of the organization. The uniqueness of a particular organization in terms of the resources that it possesses and the capability of the firm to create an edge in the market is the rarity aspect. The resources that are possessed by a company can create a competitive advantage for that particular organization. This advantage can be ensured if the supply of the resources that are used by a particular company is low and cannot be easily obtained by any other organization (Stefan Richard, 2014). The case in which the organization is not able to gain the advantage over its competition with the help of the resources available, then the level of competition between the organizations is high. The third part of the analysis is related to the imitability factor of the organization. The organizations which possess ideas and resources that cannot be easily obtained or imitated by any other organization can gain a lot of competitive advantage over the other organizations in the same industry (Lin Tsai, 2016). The organization can use the opportunities available for the improvement of its profitability or it can use the resources that are rare and are not easily available for any other organization. In this manner the organization can counter their competition. The fourth and final part of the VRIO is the organization of the resources of the particular company. After the analysis of the value of the resources, the rarity factor of the resources and the ability of the other companies to imitate the resources, the last part of the framework states that the resources need to be organized in such a manner so that they are useful for the company (Pirkowska, 2012). The accurate organization of the resources of the organization can help them to gain the competitive advantage required for their sustainability. The VRIO framework can be used by the restaurant managers or the owners to analyse their organization based on the resources possessed by them and the correct usage of these resources to gain the advantage required by them (Slavik Bednr, 2014). Fig 2. (Cardeal Antonio, 2012) Conclusion The use of the two strategic frameworks, that is, Porters Five Force Model and the VRIO Analysis involves some challenges as well. The Porters Five Force Model is used to analyse the industry in which the business is operating in this case the industry is the service sector, on the other hand VRIO analysis can be used to analyse the internal factors related to the resources of the restaurant. The managers need to apply these frameworks efficiently from time to time to make the business sustainable. The report can be concluded by stating that the two strategic frameworks that are discussed above can be implemented and used efficiently to analyse the sustainability of the restaurant in the service industry and the improvements that are required in the business to increase the sustainability and to get the competitive advantage over other organizations. Recommendation The managers and the owners of the restaurants can be recommended to use the Porters Five Force Model and the VRIO Analysis to analyse the service industry and to analyse the resource availability and the competitive edge of the organizations. The service industry is a growing sector and many opportunities are available for the restaurants to increase their business and profitability. The strategic frameworks that have been discussed above can thereby be used by the restaurant owners and the managers to analyse the internal operations of the restaurants as well as the external environment. The Porters five forces analysis is used for examination of the external analysis of the environment where the restaurant operates and the VRIO Analysis is used for analysis of the internal operations. The internal operations include the Value, Rationality, Imitability and the organization itself. The examples of two restaurants that use the Porters Five Force Model and the VRIO Analysis are as dis cussed further. The Rockpool Bar and Grill, Melbourne is a restaurant in Australia that uses the Porters Five Force model as the strategic framework. Belles Hot Chicken is another restaurant in Australia that uses the VRIO Analysis as the strategic framework for the analysis of the business scheme. References Bernhardt, J. M., Mays , D., Hall, A. K. (2012). Social marketing at the right place and right time with new media. Journal of Social Marketing, 2(2), 130-137. Booi-Chen, T., Peik-Foong, Y. (2012). What Drives Green Restaurant Patronage Intention? International Journal of Business Management, 7(2), 215-223. doi: 10.5539/ijbm.v7n2p215 Cardeal, N., Antonio, N. S. (2012). Valuable, rare, inimitable resources and organization (VRIO) resources or valuable, rare, inimitable resources (VRI) capabilities: What leads to competitive advantage?. Gassmann, O., Frankenberger, K., Csik, M. (2014). Revolutionizing the business model. InManagement of the fuzzy front end of innovation(pp. 89-97). Springer International Publishing. Gobble, M. M. (2012). Innovation and strategy.Research-Technology Management,55(3), 63-67. Hacklin, F., Wallnfer, M. (2012). The business model in the practice of strategic decision making: insights from a case study.Management Decision,50(2), 166-188. Haghighi, M., Dorosti, A., Rahnama, A., Hoseinpour, A. (2012). Evaluation of factors affecting customer loyalty in the restaurant industry.African Journal of Business Management,6(14), 5039. Harrington, R. J., Ottenbacher, M. C., Way, K. A. (2013). QSR choice: Key restaurant attributes and the roles of gender, age and dining frequency.Journal of quality assurance in hospitality tourism,14(1), 81-100. Heo, C. Y., Lee, S., Mattila, A., Hu, C. (2013). Restaurant revenue management: do perceived capacity scarcity and price differences matter?.International Journal of Hospitality Management,35, 316-326. Knott, P. J. (2015). Does VRIO help managers evaluate a firms resources?.Management Decision,53(8), 1806-1822. Lee, H., Kim, M. S., Park, Y. (2012). An analytic network process approach to operationalization of five forces model.Applied Mathematical Modelling,36(4), 1783-1795. Lin, C., Tsai, H. L. (2016). Achieving a firms competitive advantage through dynamic capability.Baltic Journal of Management,11(3), 260-285. Lin, C., Tsai, H. L., Wu, Y. J., Kiang, M. (2012). A fuzzy quantitative VRIO-based framework for evaluating organizational activities.Management Decision,50(8), 1396-1411. McLay, A. (2014). Re-reengineering the dream: agility as competitive adaptability.International Journal of Agile Systems and Management,7(2), 101-115. Nasri, W., Zarai, M. (2013). Key success factors for developing competitive intelligence in organisation.American Journal of Business and Management,2(3), 239-244. Pirkowska, K. (2012). A behavioral approach to strategy management: main dimensions. Selected Papers, The 7th International Scientific Conference Business and Management. Slavik, S., Bednr, R. (2014). Analysis of Business Models.Journal of competitiveness,6(4). Sohel, S. M., Rahman, A. M. A., Uddin, M. A. (2014). Competitive profile matrix (CPM) as a competitors analysis tool: A theoretical perspective.International Journal of Human Potential Development,3(1), 40-47. Srivastava, M., Franklin, A., Martinette, L. (2013). Building a sustainable competitive advantage.Journal of technology management innovation,8(2), 47-60. Stefan, S., Richard, B. (2014). Case Study: Analysis of Business Models and their Innovations.Advances in Management,7(6), 39.